环境化学课件-南开大学 孙红文博导 最新版本201408 第六章.ppt

Pictorial View How to deliver the unique surface properties (low surface energy) that a fluorocarbon delivers, yet not change the overall aesthetics of the treated substrate. Fluoropolymers are not suitable. Fundamental physical chemistry shows that the “optimum” fluorocarbon chain length to achieve minimum surface energy is eight carbons. Less, surface energy is diminished, more, no additional significant benefit. Polymeric backbone is the “delivery system”. Designed to provide adhesion to the treated substrate (aka durability). The use of these polymers is all about performance, stain and soil repellency and release, durability. To date “short chain” products have shown limited commercial adoption because their performance often does not meet desired levels. Innovation and invention continues. * 6-* Comparison of NP, NPEOs, and NPECs in other aquatic environments location NP NPEO1+2 NPEO2 NPECs year Glatt River 0.3～10 3～69 (1EO), 0.3～30 (2EO) 1～701 1～45 (1EC), 2～71 (2EC) 1994 (17) Lao-Jie River 1.8～10 2.8～25.7 16～292 1999 (18) Dutch Estuaries 0.03～0.93 0.005～1.03 0.03～1.3 0.095～1.09 2003 (16) Dutch coastala 1.7 0.73 35 0.63 2005 (19) Dutch coastalb 0.031 0.14 0.27 0.11 2005 (19) Yellow River 0.05～0.17 0.05～0.14(1EO) 0.18～0.45(2EO) 0.7～1.5 0.03～0.1c -- unit: μg/L; a: campaign of 1999, max-conc.； b: campaign of 2000, max-conc.; c: unit-nmol/L C. 环境行为 6-* NP3～9 EO degradation： k1=3.62×10-1 d-1，t1/2=1.91 d； NP3~5 EO degradation： k1=（3.01～5.06）×10-1 d-1， t1/2=1.37～2.30 d。 NP1EO 0～10 d degradation k1=4.11×10-2 d-1，t1/2=16.87 d 13～28 d produced：k1=1.00×10-2 d-1； NP 0～4 degradation： k1=1.47×10-1 d-1，t1/2=4.71d， 4～28 d produced：k1=3.30×10-2 d-1。 Degradation in sediment  –aerobic degradation of NPnEO 6-* Degradation in sediment  –anaerobic degradation of NPnEO 沉积物的厌氧环境是造成某些小分子NPnEO环境持久性的主要原因 6-* （2）十二烷基苯磺酸钠和季铵盐的复合污染行为 在浓度超过临界胶束浓度（Critical Micelle Concentration, CMC)后， 分别可以在溶液相和固体颗粒物表面，形成胶束，影响污染物的界面化学行为。 6