高中英语定语从句详解和练习34646.doc

WORD文档下载可编辑 专业资料分享 高中英语定语从句详解 Ⅰ. 概念： (1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。 (2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。 (3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系词的作用： 1) 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词； 2) 必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语） 常用的关系代词: that、 which、 who、whom、as , 在从句中作主语，宾语，whose定语) 常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）: when、why、 where The student who answered the question was John. I know the reason why he was so angry. The boy (whom) you are talking to is my brother. Id like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 定语从句三步： 第一找出先行词； 第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）； 第三选择合适的关系词。 Ⅱ. 几个关系代词的基本用法： ●that: 可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或 whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句; 不可置于介词后作宾语) 如： 1. Do you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? 2. You can take anything ( that) you like. 3. What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 4. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see. 5. Shes no longer the girl ( that) she used to be before. ●which: 指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。如： 1. The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father. 2. The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting. 3. The factory in which his father works is far from here. ●who, whom, whose: who: 主格, 在从句中作主语，在口语或非正式用法中作宾语; 只可指人 whom: 宾格，在从句中作宾语; 只可指人 whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。 1. I like the students who/that work hard. 2. All who heard the story were amazed. (代词如he, they, any, those, all, one等后多用who.) 3. Hes a man from whom we should learn. = Hes a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from. 4. A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. 5. Id like a room whose window faces south. =Id like a room of which the window faces south. =Id like a room the window of which faces south. 关系代词作介词宾语： （介词+ whom / which） 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。） 1. This is the book for which you asked. =This is the book (that/which) you asked for. 2. Do you know the person with whom I shook hands？ = Do you know the person (wh