根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读.ppt

(4) If the world were a village of 1, 000 people... One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65. Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modern equipment. About one-third have access to clean, safe drinking water. Of the 670 adults in the village, half can not read nor write. 62. The underlined part “have access to” (in Para. 4)means ____. A. use B. buy C. produce D. try 4. A代入检验排除法。用“生产”和“试验”代入句中，根据常识即可排除选项C和D。由下文 “Of the 670 adults in the village, half can not read nor write.”可知, 还有半数成年人非常贫穷, “用”不起现代设备。 (5) When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. 65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” means that the colours __. A. attracted the customers strongly B. had weak effects on the customers C. tricked the customers into shopping D. caused the customers to lose interest 5. D据因果关系推测。由 “because they made the product look weak and ineffective(因为这些颜色使这种药看起来没有效果)”可知, “这些颜色会使顾客对这样的药失去兴趣”。 * * * * * 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能, 因此, 词义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意思和判断指代内容。 要求考生根据语境猜测生词、短语或句子的意思, 或者推断熟词生义。题干中常含有mean, refer to, be replaced by等。如： [技巧点拨] 解答这类试题最重要的方法是理解含生词部分的上下文(也就是人们常说的语境)来推测其意思。以下是可供参考的几个小技巧： 1.根据接近或递进关系:由and或or等可确定生词的义域,推知它的大致意义。 2.根据选择或相对关系:对比or(要么, 或者)前面和后面的句子或词语, 来猜测生词的含义。 3.根据同位或解释关系:通过生词后的定语(定语从句或分词短语等)、表语、同位语、逗号、括号、破折号等的解释说明来推测其意思。 4.根据转折或对比关系:由上下句之间的转折或对比关系来推测词义。 5.根据因果关系:根据前后的因果关系来推断其中的某个生词或短语的意思。既可由因推果,也可由果推因。 6.根据列举的实例:根据such as, for example等后列举的实例也可推测出前面某个词语的意思。 7.根据并列同类关系:一般说来,并列的几个事物应属同类事物, 由此可推测其中一个的大概意思。 考题中若要求我们猜测熟悉词语的意思, 我们必须通过上下文得出其在特定场合下的特殊意思, 那些常规含义的选项不会是要选择的正确答案。 [经典例题] 阅读下列文段, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中, 选出最佳选项。 ...Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the