国际会计学第六版chapter 1.ppt

Choi/Meek, 6/e International Accounting, 6/e Frederick D.S. Choi Gary K. Meek Learning Objectives How is international accounting distinct from domestic accounting? What does international accounting diversity entail? Does international accounting have a history? What factors are contributing to the importance of international accounting as a field of study? What is International Accounting? Domestic accounting: an information specialty providing information about a firm to users of that information as a basis for economic decisions. What Does International Accounting Diversity Entail? Measurement principles Financial disclosure (corporate transparency) Auditing practices Contributing Factors Accounting’s international heritage Double-entry originates in the Italian city states. Bookkeeping spreads to Germany and assists the spread of capitalism. Dutch enhance income measurement. Contributing Factors (contin) Paradox of international accounting In many countries, accounting remains a nationalistic affair. Accounting serves people and institutions whose decisions are international in scope. Accounting diversity creates a demand for harmonization. Contributing Factors (contin) Growth and spread of multinational operations Contributing Factors (contin) Reporting issues when business transcends national boundaries Consolidation of foreign accounts Accounting for foreign currency fluctuations Accounting for changing prices International planning and control Performance evaluation of foreign operations Financial risk management International taxation and transfer pricing Financial innovation Identifying potential market risks Quantifying trade-offs associated with alternative risk reduction strategies Measuring risk exposures Accounting for specific hedge products Evaluating the effectiveness of hedging programs Contributing Factors (contin) Global competition Competitive benchmarking necessitates international comparisons. Contributing Factors (contin) Cross