teratogenic effects of diatom metabolites on sea urchin paracentrotus lividus embryos产生畸形的硅藻代谢物对海胆paracentrotus lividus胚胎.pdf

Mar. Drugs 2010, 8, 950-967; doi:10.3390/md8040950 OPEN ACCESS Marine Drugs ISSN 1660-3397 /journal/marinedrugs Article Teratogenic Effects of Diatom Metabolites on Sea Urchin Paracentrotus lividus Embryos Giovanna Romano *, Antonio Miralto and Adrianna Ianora Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale 80121 Napoli, Italy; E-Mails: antonio.miralto@szn.it (A.M.); adrianna.ianora@szn.it (A.I.) * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: giovanna.romano@szn.it; Tel.: +39 081 5833430; Fax: +39 081 7641355. Received: 24 February 2010; in revised form: 6 March 2010 / Accepted: 24 March 2010 / Published: 30 March 2010 Abstract: The diatom-derived polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), 2-trans,4-trans- decadienal, 2-trans,4-trans-octadienal, 2-trans,4-trans,7-octatrienal, 2-trans,4-trans- heptadienal, as well as tridecanal were tested on early and later larval development in the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus . We also tested the effect of some of the more abundant diatom polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on development, in particular 5,8,11,14,17- eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), one of the main precursors of diatom PUAs, as well as 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 6,9,12,15-octadecatetraenoic acid (stearidonic acid), 6,9,12-octadecatrienoic acid (γ-linolenic acid) and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (linoleic acid). PUAs blocked sea urchin cell cleavage in a dose dependent manner and with increasing chai