三大从句和反义疑问句与答案.doc

. . Word格式 宾语从句语法讲解 一、 宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型： 1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如： We knew （that）we should learn from each other. 2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如： Please tell me if/whether you have been to America. 3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？ 二、 三要素 1. 引导词 如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 语序 ①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. ②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 3. 时态 ①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如： 　I have heard（that）he will come back next week. ②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday. 注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如： He said that light travels much faster than sound. 三、人称的变化和标点的使用 1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如： “May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife. “Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number. 2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问 号。如： Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk. Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？ 四、 if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于哪一类从句。如： If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句） 　I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句） 五、从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 3. 在连接代词/副词引导