基于微波测量组分模式的绝缘子污秽检测方法研究-信息与通信工程;通信与信息系统专业论文.docx

华北电力大学硕士学位论文 华北电力大学硕士学位论文 I I 摘 要 在电力系统运行过程中，污闪事故造成的电能损失直接或间接地损害了国民经 济健康快速的发展，绝缘子污秽的检测方法及相关技术研究在绝缘子污秽等级的判 断、指导电力系统安全检修、防止发生污闪事故等方面具有重要意义。本论文主要 研究了利用双通道狄克型辐射计对绝缘子污秽辐射特性的检测方法。绝缘子污秽在 含有不同的盐分和灰分时，其在微波波段的辐射特性不同。通过甄别绝缘子污秽物 辐射能量的差异性，可以确定绝缘子的污秽等级状态。 本文在现有绝缘子污秽检测的理论基础上，完善了污秽绝缘子的三层媒质模 型，针对绝缘子不同测量方式的结果差异，引入了组分比辐射率理论，分析了各种 因素与污秽物发射率（比辐射率）的关系，研究了辐射计接收的天线温度（视在温 度）的结构特征，给出了包含多次散射和反射等发射率视在增量的天线温度矩阵方 程，有利于对组分温度的物理过程进行反演；根据实际测量的应用需要，本文提出 了双通道狄克型辐射计的结构方案，设计了双极化通道、天线参数及工作频率等相 关技术指标，并且对研制的双通道辐射计的各项性能指标做了测试，制定了使用辐 射计测量绝缘子污秽的方法；最后，本文利用双通道狄克型辐射计对高压输电线路 复合绝缘子进行了微波辐射特性的测试，在人工污秽条件下，分析了大气环境的温 度和相对湿度对绝缘子污秽微波辐射特性的影响，结果表明利用双通道狄克型辐射 计能够较方便准确地检测绝缘子污秽的辐射特性。 关键词：绝缘子污秽；天线温度；等值附盐密度；组分比辐射率；双通道狄克辐射 计； II II Abstract During the operation of the power system, power loss caused by flashover accident damages the healthful and rapid development of the national economy directly or indirectly. The insulator contamination detection method and related technology research both have important significances in many aspects, such as the judgment of insulator contamination level, guiding power system security inspection, preventing the occurrence of flashover accident and so on. The detection method of contamination insulator radiation characteristics is mainly studied in the paper with the dual-channel radiometer by the theory of component emissivity. The insulator contamination contains different salt and ash, which radiation characteristics is different in the microwave band. By distinguishing contaminated insulator radiation energy differences, we can quickly and accurately determine the contamination level of the state of the insulator. The model of three medium of contamination insulators was improved based on the existing theory of insulator contamination detection. The theory of components emissivity was introduced to analysis the relationship between various factors and the contamination emissivity which results was different under different measurement. The structural feature of radiometer antenna temperatur