Unit2Robots(Learningaboutlanguage)课件人教版选修7.ppt
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Learning about language;;Discovering useful structures
Go over the passive voice
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表
示的动作的承受者时,一般要用不定式
的被动式。不定式的被动式可以在句中
作主语、作宾语、作表语、作定语、
作状语。;1. It’s an honour to be invited to the ceremony.
2. She didn’t like to be treated as a child.
3. His dream was to be admitted to a good university.
4. There are a lot of things to be discussed.
5. She was sent there to be trained for the space flight.;注意:
感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to,但在变成被动语态后需要加上to。能这样用的动词有:make, have, let, see, hear, notice, listen to, watch等。如:
We often see him act like that.
= He is often seen to act like that.
我们常常看到他这样做。;2) 在can’t help but, have nothing to do but结构中,介词but后的不定式省去to。如:
I can’t help (but) suspect his motive.
我不禁怀疑起他的动机。;3) 在动词want, hope, manage, offer, promise, pretend, agree, expect等之后,用不定式作宾语;另外在动词tell, advise, show, teach, find out,
decide, discuss, forget等后,常用一个带连接代词/副词的不定式作宾语。如:
We must decide whether to go or stay.
我们得决定去还是留。;不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义
不定式的逻辑主语和逻辑宾语都出现在不定式前面,只能用主动形式;若在句中找不到不定式的逻辑主语,则用不定的被动形式。如:
Do you have anything to wash today?
(to wash的主语为句子的主语you,其逻辑宾语为anything。)
你今天要洗什么吗?;Do you have anything to be washed?
(to be washed不是you做,而是由“我”或其他人来做)
你有什么要其他人洗的吗?;在There be/ seem…+主语+to do表示存在的句型中的不定式,一般用主动形式表示被动意义(也就是说,我们可能会见到被动形式,但主动形式要好得多)。 There’s not enough food to eat. (The food is eaten.)
没有足够的食物吃。;There’s no chair to sit on. (The chair is sat on.)
没有椅子坐。
但在下列句子中,只能用主动形式。如:
There’s not enough food for us to eat.
我们没有足够的食物吃。;3. 在形容词以及含有形容词的???词后的不定式,一般用主动形式表示被动意义,其中形容词常见的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如:
The work is impossible to finish in two days. (The work is finished.)
工作不可能两天之内完成。
English is not so easy to learn. (English is learnt.) 英语并不好学。;在一些固定用法,如“挨骂,受责备,受批评” 用be to blame;“(东西等)出租”用to let。如:
He is to blame for what he has done.
他应为他所做的受责备。
The house is to let.
房子要出租。;假如不定式所表示的动词,在谓语所表示的动词(或状态)之前发生,该不定式要用完成式。如:
I’m glad to have se
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