TheFoundationsofSocietyLecture6GenderStratification社会学基础英文授课第六讲性别阶层化讲解.ppt

Lecture 6 Gender Stratification Gender and Inequality Gender–Personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female and male Hierarchy-ranking men and women differently in terms of power,wealth, and other resources. Gender stratification–Unequal distribution of wealth, power, and privilege between men and women Male-female biological differences be careful not to think of social differences in biological terms. example of womens right to vote and athletic performance Do men naturally outperform women in athletic competition? The answer is not obvious. Early in the twentieth century, men outpaced women by more than an hour in marathon races. But as opportunities for women in athletics have increased, women have been closing the performance gap. Only eleven minutes separate the current world marathon records for women (set in 2003) and for men (set in 2008). Some differences in physical ability between the sexs Males are 10% taller, 20% heavier, and 30% stronger especially in the upper body; Women, as a group, live longer than men. In all developed countries and most undeveloped ones, women outlive men, sometimes by a margin of as much as 10 years. Research does not point to any difference in overall intelligence between males and females. Biologically men and women differ in limited ways; neither one is naturally superior. But culture can define the two sexes very differently. Gender in a Global Perspective Israeli kibbutzim Gender equality is a stated goal. Men and women share in both work and decision making. Women and men in the kibbutzim have achieved remarkable (although not complete) social equality, evidence that cultures define what is feminine and what is masculine. Gender in a Global Perspective Margaret Mead’s research in New Guinea Culture is key to gender differences. Arapesh- both sexes were feminine Mundugumor-both sexes were masculine Tchambuli-Females were dominant and rational and males were submissive, emotional and