初中英语语法专题详解与训练—冠词.doc
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冠词
一、复习概要
(一)冠词分类:
不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词the、零冠词(即不用冠词的情况)
(二)不定冠词a/an的用法如下:
1. 表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个)
A dictionary is a useful book.
An underground train can start and stop quickly.
2. 用于表示数量、时间的名词前,表示“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。
例如:in a day or two, once a week.
3. 泛指某人或某物,但未具体说明何人、何物,如:
A boy is waiting for me.
Give me a pen, please.
4. 用在序数词前,表示“又一,再一”,如:
a second apple, a fourth girl
5. 用于某些固定短语中
如: a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson
基本法则:a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。
A. 这些字母前面要加an:A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N, O, R, S, X。
B. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母u开头,视其发音而定。
如果u发辅音,则用a。 例如:a university, a useful book
如果u发元音,则用an。例如:an uncle, an unhappy day
C. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头,而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素,则用an。
例如:an hour, an honest boy
D. 如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词,不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。
例如:an actress, a beautiful actress。
(三)定冠词the用法如下:
1. 指彼此都知道的人或事物,如:
Open the door, please.
Go and close the window.
2. 特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,如:
The girl in red is my sister.
The man over there is our English teacher.
The book on the desk is mine.
3. 指前面提到过的人或事物,如:
Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory.
4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如:
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
He won the first prize.
The sun rises in the east.
5. 用在某些形容词、过去分词前,表示一类人或事物, 如:
the rich, the sick, the new, the false, the killed
6. 用在世界上独一无二的事物或方位名词前。如:
the earth, the universe, the east
7. 用在某些专用名词前, 如:
the Great Wall
the People’s Republic of China
the United Nations
the Netherlands
8. 在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面,如:
the North China Plain
the Rocky Mountains
the Yangtse River
9. 用在姓氏的复数形式前,如: the Greens 格林一家
10. 用在乐器前,表弹奏某类乐器,如: play the guitar, play the piano
11. 在一些习惯用语中,如:
in the morning/afternoon/evening, in the day, by the way, all the year around, the other day, at the same time
?(四)零冠词—
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