论中国对外贸易战略的理性选择-产业经济学专业论文.docx

浙江工商大学硕士学位论文 浙江工商大学硕士学位论文 论中国对外贸易战略的理性选择 济的伞面发展。迈克尔·波特的竞争优势理论传入我国以后，迅速掀 起了一股比较优势和竞争优势关系的讨论热潮，有许多人认为竞争优 势理论比比较优势理论更适合国际贸易的实际，更具有实践指导意 义，从而主张以竞争优势理论取代比较优势理论来作为我国对外贸易 的主要指导，同时也有许多人认为比较优势理论并不过时，基本上适 用于我国的国情，是可以用来分析和指导对外贸易实践的。 面对国内的理论争论，本文回顾了比较优势理论的形成历程及最 新发展；对竞争优势理论作了剖析，最后结合我国外贸竞争力和要素 禀赋的现状，提出我国对外贸易的发展应该以比较优势理论作为指 导。本文研究了以比较优势理论作为我国对外贸易战略指导思想的现 实意义，指出遵循比较优势对于我国来说并不是权宜之计，也不是完 全没有必要，而是我国贸易战略的基础，同时结合理论分析的结果， 联系我国实际，为我国遵循比较优势理论发展对外贸易提出了一些政 策建议。 关键词：比较优势，竞争优势，外贸战略 浙江工商大学硕士学位论文 浙江工商大学硕士学位论文 论中国刑外贸易-垅略的理性选择 THE RATIONAL CHOICE 0F CHINA FORElGN TRADE STRATEGY ABSTRACT Why and when should nations trade?This two—part question has intrigued economists for centuries．Admn Smith theorized in 1 776 that national teal inC01TIe could be maximized if a country specialized in its export sector and imported only these goods that others could make for less．We called it“the theory of absolute advantage”，which was challenged in 1817 by David Ricardo and his theory of comparative advantage，in which revealed the base and the source of mutually beneficial trade．The most important refinement of the Ricardian model was developed by Eli．Hechscher and Bertil．Ohlin，who created“Factor Endowments’’ theory．Comparative Theory and Factor Theory had been the foundaion of international trade theory． The first significant challenge to the traditional theory WaS“Leontief Paradox”． And then，after the World War 11，many new situations appeared in world market， which the traditional theory could not give satisfied explanation，SO some new theories appeared to explain tech—products trade，intra-industry trade，trade between similar countries，scale economy，imperfect competitive market．，etc．These new theories have developed the traditional comparative theory and some be helpful supplements of it． Recently，relatively few scholars accepted the theory of factor p