病理学简答（Pathologic simple answer）.doc

病理学简答（Pathologic simple answer） Pathologic short answer 1. What are the changes in chronic pulmonary congestion? What are the clinical manifestations? A: chronic pulmonary congestion of stiff brown of the lung, eye see lung volume increases, brown or tan, qualitative hard, microscopic characteristics as follows: (1) the alveolar lumen visible reddish edema fluid (2) thickening of alveolar walls, partly visible fibrous tissue hyperplasia, alveolar walls and interstitial vascular expansion of capillary hyperemia (3) part of the alveoli with red blood cells and scattered or piles of heart failure cells (4) some visible alveolar epithelial cell injury. 2. The changes of heart and hemodynamics in the case of mitral stenosis? Answer: when the mitral stenosis, the left atrial compensatory dilation, hypertrophy, and later decompensation; Pulmonary congestion, edema, pulmonary hypertension; The right ventricle and right atrium compensatory dilation, hypertrophy, failure, the circulation of blood. The blood flow decreased in the left heart, and the ventricular cavity did not change significantly. 3. Compare the naked eye form with benign and malignant ulcer? A: the difference between benign ulcerative ulceration; Benign ulcer (stomach ulcer), malignant ulcer (ulcerative gastric cancer) profile; Round or oval (good) not plastic or crater (bad); The diameter of the ulcer is generally less than 2.5 cm (good) and more than 2.5 cm (bad). Depth; Deeper (good) than shallow (bad); The edge; To be neat and unheave (good) unordered, uplifted (evil); At the bottom. Relatively flat (good); Uneven, necrotic bleeding (bad); The surrounding mucosa; The mucous wall of the mucous membrane to the ulcer concentration (good) mucosa wall is interrupted, or the nodulous hypertrophy (evil); Microscopically; At the bottom of the ulcer is a typical layered structure, inflammatory exudate, necrotic layer, and scar layer of granulation tissue layer (good). The cancer tissue is located at the edge of th