cortical plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation during wakefulness affects electroencephalogram activity during sleep经颅磁刺激引起的大脑皮层可塑性在清醒脑电图睡眠活动的影响.pdf

Cortical Plasticity Induced by Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation during Wakefulness Affects Electroencephalogram Activity during Sleep 1,2 1 1 1 1,3 Luigi De Gennaro *, Fabiana Fratello , Cristina Marzano , Fabio Moroni , Giuseppe Curcio , Daniela 4 2 2 5 3,6,7 Tempesta , Maria Concetta Pellicciari , Cornelia Pirulli , Michele Ferrara , Paolo Maria Rossini 1 Department of Psychology, University of Rome ‘‘La Sapienza’’, Rome, Italy, 2 IRCCS Centro S. Giovanni di Dio, Hosp. Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy, 3 Casa di Cura S. Raffaele Cassino and IRCCS S. Raffaele Pisana, Roma, Italy, 4 Laboratory of Sleep Psychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy, 5 Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy, 6 AFaR, Department of Neuroscience, Hosp. Fatebenefratelli, Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy, 7 Neurology Clinic, University Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy Abstract Background: Sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) brain oscillations in the low-frequency range show local signs of homeostatic regulation after learning. Such increases and decreases of slow wave activity are limited to the cortical regions involved in specific task performance during wakefulness. Here, we test the hypothesis that reorganization of motor cortex produced by long-term potentiation (LTP) affects EEG activity of this brain area during subsequent sleep. Methodology/Principal Findings: By pairing median nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation over the contra