【2018年最新整理】关帝林区典型弃耕地杂草群落植物种群生态位研究.doc

关帝林区典型弃耕地杂草群落植物种群 生态位研究 摘要: 通过在关帝林区实行全面踏查，在初步掌握林场主要植被类型的基础上，针对弃耕地和草地，分别对灌木层和草本层物种组成进行样方法调查，综合考虑各物种在样方内的表现选取15个植物种进行生态位宽度和生态位重叠计算，分析群落特征和群落构建，阐明群落生态位特征及其调控因素。结果表明：铁杆蒿的生态位宽度最大，为5.662，说明该物种在杂草植物群落中环境适应性、资源利用能力较强，占据了较宽的生态幅，具有较强的竞争力。生态位宽度最小的则为田旋花，为1.033，说明该物种的环境适应幅度较窄,竞争力薄弱。生态位重叠的计测结果得知铁杆蒿与并头黄芩的生态重叠值最大，为0.845,当可利用资源不足时,易产生激烈竞争.其生态位重叠值最小的是达乌里胡枝子与蒲公英，值为0.015，说明它们之间几乎不存在竞争。研究该弃耕地植被自然恢复演替过程及其物种多样性的变化规律，对于指导该地区的人工植被建设具有重要的理论价值与实际意义。 关键词:生态位；生态位宽度；生态位重叠；杂草群落 Research on Niche of Weed Plant Population of Typical Abandoned Farmland in Guandi Forest Zone Abstract: According to the farmland and grassland with the over all investigation in Guandi forest zone，are composed of survey sampling method in the shrub layer and herb layer species. Comprehensive consideration of various species were selected in the 15 plant species niche breadth and niche overlap of computation, analysis of the construction and structure of community , clarify the characteristics of community niche and control factors. Research shows that Artemisia Sacrorum has the biggest niche width, get 5.662, explain that the weeds species environmental adaptability in plant communities and resource utilization capacity are stronger, occupy a wide ecological amplitude, so the specie has a strong competitive advantage in the forest. The minimum ecological niche are Field Bindweed, get 1.033, explain that the specie environmental adaptation scope is narrow and is weak competitive species in forest. The niche overlap measurement results that Russian Wormwood and Scutellaria Scordifolia overlap value maximum，get 0.845.When the resource is insufficient to produce intense competition. The niche overlap value of the minimum are Lespedeza davurica and Dandelion, get 0.015, explain that there are virtually no competition between them. Variation the natural restoration process and species diversity of vegetation in the abandoned land, It has important theory value and practical significance for guiding the area of artificial ve