2019版高考英语(江苏版)一轮配套-专题七-主从复合句.pptx

高考英语专题七 主从复合句考点一????定语从句　定语从句,也称为关系从句或形容词性从句,由关系代词或关系副词引导,用来限制、描绘或说明主句中的某一个名词或代词(有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分),即此从句在句中作定语。定语从句所修饰的对象被称为先行词。定语从句按其作用可分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。关系代词和关系副词的作用有:1.连接作用:引导从句并同时连接主句和从句;2.替代作用:在从句中替代它前面的先行词;3.作成分:在从句中充当句子成分。如:主语(who,that,which);宾语(who,知识清单 基础知识 whom,which,that);表语(that,as);定语(whose,...of whom/which);时间状语(when),地点状语(where)和原因状语(why)。说明:关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略,作其他成分时一般不可省略。一、关系代词的用法1.关系代词用法分类从句指代格关系代词用于限制性和非限制性定语从句用于限制性定语从句指人指物既指人又指物主格词whowhichthat宾格词who(m)属格词whose/of whomwhose/of whichwhose2.关系代词that和which的用法(1)限制性定语从句中,必须用关系代词that的情况:①当先行词是不定代词all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等时。You should hand in all that you have.你应该上交你所有的东西。②当先行词被the only,the very,any,few,little,no,all等词修饰时。The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice.我们唯一能做的就是给你一些建议。③当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。This is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是应对污染的最好方式。④当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.这是去苏州的最后一趟火车。⑤当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?你知道他们在谈论什么人和什么事情吗?(2)当先行词指物时,定语从句中关系代词必须用which的情况:①在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,which,of course,made the others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子都要好很多,这当然让他们对他很嫉妒。②当定语从句中的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。This is the school in which I once studied.这是我曾经读过书的学校。3.关系代词who/that,whom和whose的用法当先行词指人:①在定语从句中作主语时,用who/that,不可省略;②在定语从句中作宾语时,用whom/who/that,可以省略;③在定语从句中作定语时,用whose,不可省略。She is the girl who/that lives next door.(关系词在定语从句中作主语)她就是住在隔壁的那个女孩。That??s the girl(whom/who/that)I met at the conference.(关系词在定语从句中作宾语)那就是我在会上遇到的女孩。This is the scientist whose achievements are well known.(关系词在定语从句中作定语)这就是那位成绩卓著的科学家。This is the house whose window broke last night.=This is the house,the window of which broke last night.=This is the house,of which the window broke last night.这就是昨晚窗户被打破的那所房子。4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句(1)当介词放在关系代词的前面时,关系代词常用which或whom,关系代词不能省略。Is this the house in which the famous scientist lived i