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第四章1 句子的英译-主语和谓语的确定 翻译理论方法.pdf

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第四章 句子的英译 主语和谓语的确定 11 Teaching Focus • 1、主语的确定 • 2、谓语的确定 22 1、主语的确定 • 1.1 汉英主谓结构的差异 • 汉语是 “注重主题的语言”( topic- prominent language)。 • 英语是“注重主语的语言”(subject- prominent language )。 33 • 七大主要英语的主语 • 施动主语(agentive subject):Susan is growing flowers. • 受动主语(affected subject):Her books translate well. • 工具主语(instrumental subject):A stone broke the glass . • 地点主语(locative subject): The jar contains honey. • 时间主语(temporal subject):Yesterday was Monday. • 事件主语(eventive subject):The dispute over the problem lasted a decade. • it作主语: • ①表时间、气候或距离: It is very late.It’s very hot in summer here. • ②作形式主语: • It is impossible to finish the paper in ten minutes. 4 A. 在美国,人人都能够买到枪。 • 用“人人”做主语: • In the United States, everyone can buy guns. • 用“枪”做主语: • In the United States, guns are available to everyone. 55 B. 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。 • 用“你”做主语: • You can obtain this information on the internet. • 用“信息”做主语: • This information is available on the internet. • 用“Internet”做主语: • The internet provides this information. 66 C. 他突然想到了一个新主意。 • 用“他”做主语: • He suddenly thought out a new idea. • Suddenly he had a new idea. • 用“主意”做主语: • A new idea suddenly occurred to him. • 将suddenly换成名词,将occur 换 成strike 强调“突然”的程度: • All of a sudden, a new idea struck him. 77 1.2 确定主语的方法 • 1.2.1 保留原文主语:用名词、代词、不定式或动 名词充当主语 • 例1:当前,国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最
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