第四章1 句子的英译-主语和谓语的确定 翻译理论方法.pdf
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第四章 句子的英译
主语和谓语的确定
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Teaching Focus
• 1、主语的确定
• 2、谓语的确定
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1、主语的确定
• 1.1 汉英主谓结构的差异
• 汉语是 “注重主题的语言”( topic-
prominent language)。
• 英语是“注重主语的语言”(subject-
prominent language )。
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• 七大主要英语的主语
• 施动主语(agentive subject):Susan is growing flowers.
• 受动主语(affected subject):Her books translate well.
• 工具主语(instrumental subject):A stone broke the glass .
• 地点主语(locative subject): The jar contains honey.
• 时间主语(temporal subject):Yesterday was Monday.
• 事件主语(eventive subject):The dispute over the problem
lasted a decade.
• it作主语:
• ①表时间、气候或距离:
It is very late.It’s very hot in summer here.
• ②作形式主语:
• It is impossible to finish the paper in ten minutes.
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A. 在美国,人人都能够买到枪。
• 用“人人”做主语:
• In the United States, everyone can buy guns.
• 用“枪”做主语:
• In the United States, guns are available to
everyone.
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B. 你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
• 用“你”做主语:
• You can obtain this information on the internet.
• 用“信息”做主语:
• This information is available on the internet.
• 用“Internet”做主语:
• The internet provides this information.
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C. 他突然想到了一个新主意。
• 用“他”做主语:
• He suddenly thought out a new idea.
• Suddenly he had a new idea.
• 用“主意”做主语:
• A new idea suddenly occurred to him.
• 将suddenly换成名词,将occur 换
成strike 强调“突然”的程度:
• All of a sudden, a new idea struck him.
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1.2 确定主语的方法
• 1.2.1 保留原文主语:用名词、代词、不定式或动
名词充当主语
• 例1:当前,国际形势正经历着自冷战结束以后最复杂、最
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