浅谈中英文的语言学差异.ppt

M：WasntSamsspeechgreat！（↙）W：Areyouserious？Q：WhatdoesthemansayaboutSamsspeech？［A］Samsspeechwasntgreat，wasit？［B］Samsspeechwasgreat，wasntit？［C］Samgaveaseriousspeech．［D］Samwasnotserious．KEY:（B）A：AreyougoingtowatchTVagain？B：Whatelseistheretodo？（↗）ComparewithBsnarrativeversion“theresnothingelsetodo.”tounderstandthefunctionofintonation.Thefall-risetonecombinesthefallingtonesmeaningof“assertion,certainity”withtherisingtonesmeaning“dependence,incompleteness”.Attheendofasentence,itoftenconveysafeelingofreservation;atthebeginningorinthemiddleofasentence,itisamoreforcefulalternativetotherisingtone,expressingtheassertionofonepoint,togetherwiththeimplicationthatanotherpointistofollow.M：DoyouthinkPettyisqualifiedtodothejob？W：IfPettyisnot（↙），whois？（↗）Q：Whatdoesthewomanmean？［A］Pettyisnotqualifiedforthejob．［B］Nobodyisqualifiedforthejob．［C］Pettyiswellqualifiedforthejob．［D］AllexceptPettyarequalifiedforthejob．KEY:（C）a)Toshowemphasis;b)toexpressemotion;c)todistinguish;Youmaynotgo.Youmaynotgo.你不可以去。你可以不去。Allcatsdontlikewater.（↙）Allcatsdontlikewater.（↗）猫都不喜欢水。猫并不都喜欢水。Asubtledifferencecanbeconveyedbyintonationandstressworkingtogether.Ididntleavehome（↗）,becauseIwasafraidofmyfather.（↙）IdidntleavehomebecauseIwasafraidofmyfather.（V）Yousaidhewouldcome.（↙）Yousaidhewouldcome.（↙）Yousaid（V）hewouldcome.PasssivevoiceissuchapopularwayinEnglishexpressingthatithasalmostbecomeabusive.AsS.Bakerjustfingeredout:“Ourmassed,scientificandbureaucraticsocietyissoaddictedtothepassivevoicethatyoumustconstantlyalertyourselfagainstitsdrowsy,impersonalpomp.“(1985:121)Themurdererwascaughtyesterday,anditissaidthathewillbehanged.凶手已于昨天被捕，据说他将会被绞死。(Theagentisunknown.)Shetoldmethathe