英语修辞学Lecture 2.ppt

Lecture 2 ＊Simile 一．含义以及形式 Simile： It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic (特性)in common. To make the comparison, words like as, as...as, as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other. 明喻，直喻（simile）两个不同类对象之间的相似 点进行比喻。 Simile通常由三部分构成： 本体（tenor or subject）被比喻的对象, 喻体（vehicle or reference）比喻的对象， 比喻词（comparative word or indicator of resemblance）在本体和喻体之间起 连接介绍作用。 eg: My love is like a red red rose. tenor comparative word vehicle E.g: This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see. He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit. It has long leaves that sway in the wind like slim fingers reaching to touch something. 二．有关明喻的句式： （一）、用like＼as＼表示比喻关系 1. like型 联系动词（以to be 居多）+like Eg: Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. 实意动词+like Eg. They will never be able to save money to buy a new house——they both spend money like water. 2. as 型, (as) firm as a rock 坚如磐石 (as) light as a feather 轻如鸿毛 (as) close as an oyster 守口如瓶 (as) mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉 (as) strong as a horse 强壮如牛 (as) cool as a cucumber 泰然自若 (as) sober as a judge 十分清醒 (as) sure as a gun 千真万确 （二）、用as…as…或more than表示比喻关系 E.g 1)．So as she shows she seems the budding rose，yet sweeter far than is earthly flower．．． (Robert Greene：Pandosto) 2)．In the morning the dust hung like fog，and the sun was as red as ripe new blood． (J． Steinbeck) （三）、用as if或as though表示比喻关系 seem 虚拟句型, 最常见的是as if/though Eg: He was a beautiful horse that looked as