主谓一致专题.doc

PAGE  PAGE 8 主谓一致专题 一、概念：谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。 语法一致 语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系，主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；反之，谓语动词用复数形式。 The number of students in our school is 1,700. My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me. 意义一致 意义一致是说谓语动词的单、复数要取决于主语所表达的概念，而不取决于表面上的语法标记。 a.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。 The crowd ______ runing for their lives. 单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、cattle等。 b.主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。 The news is very exciting. 形复意单的单词有new、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、poli-tics、economics等。 就近原则 就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时，谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致。 a.由连词or, either……or, neither……nor, not only…but also,等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，则谓语动词按就近一致原则，与最靠近它的主语一致。 Either you or I am right. Neither the children nor the teacher knows anything about it. b.在“There be” 句型中,谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 　　 There are two apples and one egg in it. c. as well as 和名词连用时,谓语动词和第一个名词相一致。 　　 He as well as I is responsible for it. d. 以here开头的句子，其谓语动词和靠近的主语一致。 Here is a letter and some books for you. 二．其他情况的主谓一致 （1）名词作主语 ①某些集体名词如family、team等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数，反之用复数。 My family is going out for a trip. The whole family are watching TV. 这类词常有audience、class club、committee、company、crew、crowd、enemy、government、group、party、public、team等。 Population和“a group(crowd)of + 复数名词”也适用于这种情况，强调整体用单数，强调各个部分用复数。 ②某些集体名词如people、police、cattle、oxen只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。 ③单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。 A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there. ④名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工场、住宅等；作主语时，动词一般用单数。 My uncle’s is not for from here. 常见的省略名词有the baker’s 、the barbar’s、the Zhang’s等。 表示店铺的名词一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。如： Richardson’s have a lot of old goods to sell. ⑤当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数。 Thirty years has passed. Five minutes is enough to finish the task. ⑥不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如： Each boy and each girl in my class has a dictionary. ⑦如果主语有more than one … 或many