七年级上册地理（Geography of the seventh grade）.doc

七年级上册地理（Geography of the seventh grade） The first chapter of the seventh grade is the earth and the first earth and earth The shape and size of the earth (1) the shape and size of the earth: earth is a (slightly flat at the poles to the equator slightly drum) of the irregular sphere, mean radius is 6371 km, equatorial circumference of about 40000 km and surface area of about 510 million square kilometers. (2) the earth is the relevant evidence of the sphere: stand tall and see far; Look at the boat in the distance, and see the ship after the mast. Eclipse; Satellite photos of earth; Magellans journey around the world. Two, globe (1) latitude and longitude Longitude and longitude: lines connecting the north and south poles. Greenwich observatory meridian have innumerable the article, after the London site of the meridian of 0 ° meridian (also called the prime meridian), the highest degree of longitude 180 °. The line of latitude and latitude: the line that intersects the meridian. Parallel also have countless, to the poles equidistance parallel 0 ° latitude (also called the equator), the highest degree of 90 ° latitude. (2) characteristics of the longitude and weft line: Name length shape indicates direction remark The parallel of the latitude is the same latitude as the parallel latitude The equator is twice as long as the longitude line (3) special longitude and latitude line: The name of the Line (1) the scope of the old world: 20 ° W east to the west of 160 ° E (2) the regression line is between the tropics, the polar circle is the cold zone, the regression line and the polar circle are temperate (3) latitudes to low latitudes within 30 °, 60 ° above for high latitudes, for between 30 ° to 60 ° mid-latitudes North and south hemisphere equator (0 ° latitude) Eastern and western hemispheres 20 ° W and 160 ° E meridian Five belt north-south tropic, north and south polar circle Including weft area 30 °, 60 ° latitude (4) the web and its interpretation methods The met