家畜病理学(重点知识整理)（Animal pathology (key knowledge consolidation)）.doc

家畜病理学(重点知识整理)（Animal pathology (key knowledge consolidation)） 5. Congestion: increased blood flow into local tissues or organs due to arterial dilation is referred to as arterial hyperemia, or congestion. 6. Congestion: increased blood volume in local tissues or organs due to blocked blood flow. 7. Ischemia: due to the stenosis or complete occlusion of the arteries, the blood supply of local tissues or organs is insufficient or completely severed. Haemorrhage: blood flow out of the cardiovascular system. Blood overflow: the outgoing blood goes into the tissue. 10. Anemia: the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels below normal in a unit volume of blood. 11. Infarction: necrosis of local tissue or organ ischemia due to the broken artery. 12. Anaemic infarction: infarcts with a small amount of blood and gray color. 13. Embolism: abnormal substances in circulating blood that do not dissolve in blood flow and clog the vascular cavity with blood flow. 14. Embolus: abnormal substances that block blood vessels. 15. Thrombosis: the process of solidifying or forming solids in a living heart or blood vessel, in blood coagulation or in blood. The solid substance formed is called a thrombus. 17. Clear thrombus: the thrombus, which is formed in the microcirculation small blood vessels, is composed of fibrous proteins, and is seen in the capillaries that are filled with red, homogenous, structurally unstructured clumps or reticular fibrin. 18. Diffuse intravascular coagulation: a pathological process resulting from the destruction of normal coagulation and anticoagulant mechanisms. Refers to the pathogenic factor, the bodys blood coagulation mechanism is activated, a large number of micro thrombosis in the microcirculation, then due to high expenditure and platelet clotting factors, which results in low blood coagulation state, cause bleeding; In the end, it can activate the fibrinolytic system and other anticoagulant mechanisms, resulting in diffuse small hemorrhage. 19.