Influence of the fault zone in shallow tunneling A case study of Izmir Metro Tunnel.pdf

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 33 (2013) 34–45Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier .com/ locate / tustInfluence of the fault zone in shallow tunneling: A case study of Izmir Metro Tunnel Mete Kun ?, Turgay Onargan Department of Mining Engineering, Dokuz Eylül University, T?naztepe Campus, Buca, 35160 _Izmir, Turkey a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c tArticle history: Received 16 February 2012 Received in revised form 26 June 2012 Accepted 30 June 2012 Available online 16 November 2012 Keywords: Shallow tunnel Fault zone Weak rock New Austrian Tunneling Method0886-7798/$ - see front matter  2012 Elsevier Ltd. A /10.1016/j.tust.2012.06.016 ? Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 232 412 75 40; f E-mail address: mete.kun@.tr (M. Kun).Today, there is a great need for larger underground spaces for various purposes and hence, construction of new metro tunnels has become a necessity to meet the demand in urban life in spite of certain ground related difficulties such as fault zones, altered and fractured rock mass and ground water. This study has aimed at investigating the risky areas around a shallow metro tunnel in weak, faulted rocks and deter- mining the effects of tunnel behavior on the structures on ground surface. Therefore, an attempt has been made to determine the risky areas on the line of the tunnel by field observations, laboratory work and computer modeling. Later, the data obtained from computer models have been compared to which obtained from in situ measurements. The results from modeling and in situ measurements were interpreted considering the current status of superstructure and the differences between pre- and post-excavation states in the ground. Finally the data obtained from the modeling analysis and measure- ments provided the necessity of strengthening the already used support system for the safety of the buildings on surface. Shortening the applicatio