语言学语言和文化.ppt

语言的历史和文化是相辅而行的，他们可以互相协助和启发。 -----Palmer An Introduction to Modern Linguistics Content 7.1.1 How Does Language Relate to Culture? 7.1.3 Case Studies 7.1.4 To Which Extend Do We Need Culture 7.1.1 How Does Language Relate to Culture  Change was observed at the start of the the 20th century: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL ORIENTATION人类学向导 in the study of language was developed both in England and in North America. What characterized this new tradition was its study of language in a sociocultural context社会文化的背景. Benjamin Lee Whorf and his famous hypothesis 假想concerning language, thought, and culture( SAPIR– WHORF HYPOTHESES): Our language helps mould our way of thinking and consequently, different languages may probably express speakers’ unique ways of understanding the world. 1, On the one hand, language may determine our thinking patterns; 2, On the other, similarity between languages is relative相对的. Eugene Nida, a well –known linguist and translation theorist claims that, as translators, if we want to do a good job in CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION, there are five types of sub-culture we should be fully aware of: 1, ecological culture 2, linguistic culture 3, religious culture 4, material culture 5, social culture 7.1.3 Case Studies Kaplan(1966) claims that the structural organization of a text tends to be culturally specific. Rich date have been gathered to indicate that phonological differences or dialectal accents reveal more than geographic origins of speakers. 2. A cross-cultural study of the meaning of some idioms or metaphorical uses in a given social context, however, will definitely provide an optimal 最佳的opportunity to examine the issue: a. This choice of observation may partially explain why Nida, when summarizing some intrinsic内在的 features of vocabulary in relation to Semanti