大学英语四级写作提纲与谋篇布局精品.doc
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大学英语四级写作提纲与谋篇布局
大学英语四级写作中,在审题结束后,接下来要考虑的就是如何布局行文了:文章分几个层次来写,每个层次又要表达什么样的中心,每个中心又有什么样的素材来做支持。行文前把自己的考虑简短地写成提纲不但有助于突出中心,布局合理,而且还可以避免在写作中因为紧张而顾此失彼。在四级考试中,相当一部分学生没能把作文写完,其中主要的原因就是没有能够快速地写出提纲。
英语提纲的模式一般为:
主题 (controlling idea)
I. 简介(Brief introduction)
II. 主要观点(Main idea)
A. 从属观点(Sub-idea)
支持的证据(Supporting detail)
支持的证据(Supporting detail)
例子1(Fact 1)
例子2 (Fact 2)
B. 从属观点(Sub-idea)
支持的证据(Supporting detail)
支持的证据(Supporting detail)
例子1(Fact 1)
例子2 (Fact 2)
III. 结论(Conclusion)
在以往的四级考试作文中,controlling idea基本上都已给出,每段的Sub-idea也很明显,有时甚至Supporting detail都已写出来,考生应加以充分地利用。以下面考题为例:
Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Global Shortage of Fresh Water. You should write at least 100 words, and should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
人们以为淡水是取之不尽的。
(提示:雨水、、……)
实际上淡水是非常紧缺的。
(提示:人口增长,工业用水增加,污染……)
我们应该怎么办?
在这个例子中,所有提纲的要素几乎都已列出,考生应把重点放到第三段,找出一些解决水短缺的方法。
英语提纲的写法一般分为两种:一种是句子式提纲;另一种是题目式提纲。不言而喻,句子式提纲是由句子所组成,行文时只需一些关联词基本上就可串成段落;而单词或短语式提纲主要是提供写作的思路,行文时还必须把所列的单词或短语组成句子,然后才形成段落。
试比较以下两篇不同类型的提纲:
1. Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition of no less than 100 words on the topic: The Importance of School Library.
Title: The Importance of School Library
Outline:
A student has to borrow books from the library.
He needs reference books for his elective courses.
He may want to read novels, stories and plays.
He reads newspapers and magazines in the library.
Many new magazines are on display in the Reading-room.
There are all newspapers from all provinces.
Back numbers may be borrowed at the counter.
He needs the library all the more in his junior and senior years.
The library provides books for his research.
He wouldn’t be able to write his graduation paper without using the library.
2. Direction: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I finance My College Education. You should writ
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