英汉对比翻译参考资料.doc

LECTURE 1 Part 1 Native Language Transfer in FL Learning: Interference or Facilitation? 外语学习中的母语迁移：干扰还是促进？ TKeen awareness of the similarities and differences between the two languages can facilitate FL learning. The causes of Interference in Negative Transfer: ·analogical use of one’s prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用 ·scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少 ·unconscious falling back on the mother tongue speech habit 不自觉地回归母语的言语习惯 Examples of Negative Transfer: ① Phonological transfer (语音迁移) The sound /n/ does not exist in some Chinese dialects and /l/ serves as a substitute. The writer likes writing at light (night). ②Morphological transfer（词形迁移） Neither nouns nor verbs have inflections in Chinese. He only eat two meal a day. ③Collocation transfer (搭配迁移) The noun renkou, the Chinese equivalent of ‘population’, can have a numerical pre-modifier. Shanghai is said to have thirteen million population. ④Syntactical transfer (句型迁移) The verb jianyi, the Chinese equivalent of ‘suggest’, can be used in VOC pattern in Chinese. He suggested me to accept this offer. ⑤Pragmatic transfer (语用迁移) The negative reply to a compliment is considered in Chinese as modest and courteous. -- Your English is wonderful. -- No, no. My English is still poor. Part Two A Contrastive Study of English and Chinese 英汉语对比研究 Contrast Between English and Chinese Chinese: ·Meaning-focused with emphasis on implicit coherence (隐性连贯) ·left-extending, heavy-headed like a lion ·moving point of sight ·bamboo-like sentence structure with different sections linked and yet separated（竹式结构） ·Topic-Comment Sentence Structure ·Order of linguistic elements: relatively fixed like bamboo-making （制竹） （语序相对固定） English: ·Form-focused with emphasis on explicit cohesion（显性联接） ·English: right-extending heavy-tailed like a peacock fixed point of sight ·tree-like sentence structure with different parts connected like branches and sub-branches to the