毕业论文年产万吨粗甲醇联醇法合成、精馏工艺设计.doc

摘 要 甲醇是一种重要的有机化工原料，应用广泛，可以用来生产甲醛、合成橡胶、甲胺、氯甲烷、醋酸等一系列有机化工产品。生产甲醇的方法很多，联醇生产充分利用了现有合成氨生产装置，只需增添甲醇合成与精馏两套设备就可生产甲醇。 本设计对甲醇性质用途，国内外甲醇工业现状，生产方法、原料及厂址选择以及环保做了简单介绍，并且通过全厂工艺流程概述、煤的气化、气体的脱硫、变换、脱碳、合成气压缩、甲醇合成以及甲醇精馏八个方面。详细的阐述了30kt/a粗甲醇从原料到最终产品的工艺路线。 本设计过程进行了甲醇合成、精馏工段的工艺计算，工艺计算为物料平衡计算和热量平衡计算，主要内容是关于整个工艺过程中的物料质量守恒和物料热量守恒，包括主要设备的进出口的物料质量守恒和物料热量守恒以及一些换热设备的计算，如冷凝器的计算。除此之外还绘制了设备一览表、物料流程图、甲醇合成、精馏工段工艺管道及仪表流程图、甲醇合成、精馏工段设备布置图。 关键词：甲醇；联醇；合成；精馏 Abstract Methanol is a kind of important organic chemical raw material, it can be used to produce a series of organic chemical products, like formaldehyde, synthetic rubber, monomethylamine, choromethane and acetic acid so on. In fact, there are many processes for methanol synthesis, while combined methanol production makes full use of the process units of the synthesis ammonia, only 2 sets of equipments for methanol synthesis and rectification are needed to produce methanol. The design of methanol, carbinol industry properties, production methods, materials and site selection and environmental protection to a simple, and through the whole process of coal gasification, and gas desulfurization, transform, decarburization, syngas compression, methanol synthesis and methanol distillation eight aspects were introduced in the paper. Annual 30kt coarse methanol from raw materials to the final product were described in detail. The design process of methanol synthesis, distillation process of calculation, process units calculation for the material balance calculation and heat equilibrium calculation. The main content of the process of calculation is about in the whole process of mass, including the main material of import and export of equipment material quality conservation and heat equilibrium calculation and heat transmission equipment of the calculation, like the condenser of the calculation. In addition to the selection of equipment do condensator, the methanol synthesis and distillation units equipment checklists, methanol synthesis distillation units