the impact of heat waves on mortality in 9 european cities results from the euroheat project热浪对死亡率的影响在9个欧洲城市euroheat项目的结果.pdf

DIppoliti et al. Environmental Health 2010, 9:37 /content/9/1/37 R E S E A R C H Open Access Research The impact of heat waves on mortality in 9 European cities: results from the EuroHEAT project 1 1 1 1 2 3 Daniela DIppoliti* , Paola Michelozzi , Claudia Marino , Francesca deDonato , Bettina Menne , Klea Katsouyanni , 1 3 4 5 6 7 Ursula Kirchmayer , Antonis Analitis , Mercedes Medina-Ramón , Anna Paldy , Richard Atkinson , Sari Kovats , 8 9 10 11 1 Luigi Bisanti , Alexandra Schneider , Agnès Lefranc , Carmen Iñiguez and Carlo A Perucci Abstract Background: The present study aimed at developing a standardized heat wave definition to estimate and compare the impact on mortality by gender, age and death causes in Europe during summers 1990-2004 and 2003, separately, accounting for heat wave duration and intensity. Methods: Heat waves were defined considering both maximum apparent temperature and minimum temperature and classified by intensity, duration and timing during summer. The effect was estimated as percent increase in daily mortality during heat wave days compared to non heat wave days in people over 65 years. City specific and pooled estimates by gender, age and cause of death were calculated. Results: The effect of heat waves showed great geographical heterogeneity among cities. Considering all years, except 2003, the increase in mortality during heat wave days ranged from + 7.6% in Munich to + 33.6% in Milan. The increa