《形容词和副词的讲解与练习.doc
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形容词和副词的讲解与练习
一、形容词用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:
He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人做主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:
The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如: the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers.
二.副词
1、副词的种类
(1)时间副词如:ago,?before,?already,?just,?now,?early,?late,?finally,?tomorrow等
(2)地点副词如:here,?there,?near,?around,?in,?out,?up,?down,?back,?away,?outside等。
(3)方式副词如:carefully,?angrily,?badly,?calmly,?loudly,?quickly,?politely,?nervously等。
(4)程度副词如:almost,?nearly,?much,?greatly,?a bit,?a little,?hardly,?so,?very等。
2.某些副词在用法上的区别
(1)?already,?yet,?still
already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如:
We’ve already watched that film.I haven’t finished my homework yet. He still works until late every night.
(2)?too,?as well,?also,?either
too,?as well和?also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如:
He went there too. He didn’t go there either. I like you as well. I also went there.
(3)?hard,?hardly
hardly意为几乎与hard在词义上完全不同。如: I work hard every day. I can hardly remember that.
(4)?late,?lately
lately意为最近、近来,late意为晚、迟。如:He never comes late. Have you been to the museum lately?
三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下:
1) 符合规则的:
一 般 情 况 直接加 -er ; -est tall-taller-tallest;
以e结尾的词 加 –r ; -st nice-nicer-nicest
以“辅音+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-er ; -est dry-drier-driest heavy-heavier-heaviest
以一个辅音字母结尾的词 辅音字母双写,再加-er ; -est thin-thinner-thinnest
多音节和部分双音节单词 在词前加 more ; most more delicious most delicious
2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表:
原 级 比较级 最高级
good , well better best
bad , ill worse worst
many , much more most
little less least
far farther / further farthest / furthest
注意:有些形容词,如
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