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《形容词和副词的讲解与练习.doc

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形容词和副词的讲解与练习 一、形容词用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词,叫形容词。   形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的,通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补,有时还可作状语。如:   He is honest and hardworking. I found the book interesting.   某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人做主语时,谓语通常用复数形式。如:   The rich and the poor live in different parts of the city.The English like to be with their families.   多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序:   冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态(描述性)+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如: the second five interesting big new red Chinese wall papers. 二.副词   1、副词的种类   (1)时间副词如:ago,?before,?already,?just,?now,?early,?late,?finally,?tomorrow等   (2)地点副词如:here,?there,?near,?around,?in,?out,?up,?down,?back,?away,?outside等。   (3)方式副词如:carefully,?angrily,?badly,?calmly,?loudly,?quickly,?politely,?nervously等。   (4)程度副词如:almost,?nearly,?much,?greatly,?a bit,?a little,?hardly,?so,?very等。   2.某些副词在用法上的区别   (1)?already,?yet,?still   already表示某事物已经发生,主要用于肯定句;yet表示期待某事发生,主要用于否定句和疑问句;still表示某事还在进行,主要用于肯定句和疑问句,有时也可用于否定句。如: We’ve already watched that film.I haven’t finished my homework yet. He still works until late every night.   (2)?too,?as well,?also,?either too,?as well和?also用于肯定句和疑问句,too和as well多用于口语,一般放在句末,而also多用于书面语,一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句,往往放在句末。如: He went there too. He didn’t go there either. I like you as well. I also went there.   (3)?hard,?hardly   hardly意为几乎与hard在词义上完全不同。如: I work hard every day. I can hardly remember that.   (4)?late,?lately lately意为最近、近来,late意为晚、迟。如:He never comes late. Have you been to the museum lately? 三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级   形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下: 1) 符合规则的: 一 般 情 况 直接加 -er ; -est tall-taller-tallest; 以e结尾的词 加 –r ; -st nice-nicer-nicest 以“辅音+y”结尾的词 变y为i再加-er ; -est dry-drier-driest heavy-heavier-heaviest 以一个辅音字母结尾的词 辅音字母双写,再加-er ; -est thin-thinner-thinnest 多音节和部分双音节单词 在词前加 more ; most more delicious most delicious 2)几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下表: 原 级 比较级 最高级 good , well better best bad , ill worse worst many , much more most little less least far farther / further farthest / furthest 注意:有些形容词,如
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