沥青基石墨片锂电负极制备及电化学性能研究.docx
武汉科技大学本科毕业设计
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摘要
本文以煤沥青为碳源,先用甲苯萃取再用喹啉萃取获得甲苯不溶喹啉可溶物,通过向甲苯不溶喹啉可溶物掺杂不同比例的苯和萘构建模型化合物,在催化剂催化下采用热解法,在900℃碳化2h制得石墨碳材料,将其应用于锂离子电池负极。结果表明:萘(10wt%)掺杂镍箔催化煤沥青900℃碳化后用做锂离子电池负极时具有优异的电化学性能。萘(10wt%)掺杂镍箔催化煤沥青在100mA·g-1电流密度首次放电比容量达333.5mAh·g-1。在循环伏安法测试中,萘(10wt%)掺杂镍箔催化煤沥青的曲线重合度高于苯(10wt%)掺杂镍箔催化煤沥青,说明该石墨碳材料具有较好的稳定性及较高的可逆比容量。在阻抗测试中,萘(10wt%)掺杂镍箔催化煤沥青的高频区半圆最小(Rct=18.7Ω),低频区直线斜率最大,说明其电荷转移速度快且更利于Li+的扩散。在倍率性能测试中,掺杂模型化合物的材料在高电流密度下稳定性均高于未掺杂,其中萘(10wt%)掺杂镍箔催化煤沥青在0.5C倍率下放电比容量可达162.5mAh·g-1。这种模型化合物掺杂的方式,为寻找合适锂离子电池负极材料提供了新的设计思路。
关键词:煤沥青;模型化合物;负极材料;电化学性能
Abstract
Herein,thecoalpitchwasusedascarbonsource,thetolueneinsolublequinolinesolublesubstancewasobtainedbyextractionoftolueneandthenbyextractionofquinoline.Themodelcompoundwasconstructedbydopingbenzeneandnaphtholindifferentratiostothetolueneinsolublequinolinesolublesubstance.Thegraphiticcarbonmaterialwascarbonizedat900℃for2hbypyrolysismethodunderthecatalysisofcatalyst,andwasappliedtothenegativeelectrodeoflithiumionbattery.Theresultsshowthatnaphthalene(10wt%)dopednickelfoilhasexcellentelectrochemicalperformancewhenitisusedasthenegativeelectrodeoflithiumionbatteryaftercarbonizingcoalbitumenat900℃.Naphthalene(10wt%)dopednickelfoilcatalyzedcoalasphaltwith100mA·g-1currentdensityandinitialdischargecapacityof333.5mAh·g-1.Inthecyclicvoltammetrytest,thecurveoverlapdegreeofnaphthalene(10wt%)dopednickelfoilcatalyticcoalpitchishigherthanthatofbenzene(10wt%)dopednickelfoilcatalyticcoalpitch,indicatingthatthegraphiticcarbonmaterialhasbetterstabilityandhigherreversiblespecificcapacity.Intheimpedancetest,nickelfoildopednaphthol(10wt%)hasthesmallestsemi-circle(Rct=18.7Ω)inthehighfrequencyregionandthelargestlinearslopeinthelowfrequencyregion,indicatingthatthechargetransferrateisfastandtheLi+diffusionismorefavorable.In