三维石墨烯的电化学性能研究.docx

三维石墨烯/NiCo2O4的制备及其电化学性能的研究摘要由二维石墨烯片组成的三维多孔石墨烯兼具高导电性和多孔结构，为离子和电子提供了快速扩散通道，是理想的超级电容器电极材料。本课题拟以鳞片石墨为原料，通过改进的Hummer法制备氧化石墨烯，再以四水乙酸钴和四水乙酸镍与氧化石墨烯为原料通过高温水热再经过抽滤、干燥、煅烧等后续处理制备成三维石墨烯/NiCo2O4复合材料并改变实验条件，如加无水乙醇、调pH、加尿素、加表面活性剂（十六烷基三甲基氯化铵），并对它们的电化学能进行了初步研究。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对制备的三维石墨烯/ NiCo2O4表征发现，三维石墨烯/ NiCo2O4被成功合成。恒流充放电测试结果表明，加表面积活性剂条件下制备的三维石墨烯/ NiCo2O4复合材料在0.5A/g电流密度下，比电容为666.7F/g。此外，三维石墨烯/ NiCo2O4也具有优良稳定性。关键词：超级电容器三维石墨烯/ NiCo2O4石墨烯表面活性剂3D GRAPHENE/NiCo2O4 PREPARATION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF THE RESEARCHABSTRACTBy two-dimensional graphene piece of three-dimensional porous graphene with high conductivity and porous structure, provides a fast diffusion channels, ions and electrons is ideal for super capacitor electrode materials. This topic proposed to flake graphite as raw material, through the improvement of its preparation of graphene oxide, then with four water acetate cobalt and nickel acetate tetrahydrate and graphene oxide as raw material through the high temperature hydrothermal after extraction of subsequent processing such as filtering, drying and calcining into 3 d graphene/NiCo2O4 composite material and change the experimental conditions, such as adding anhydrous ethanol, pH, plus urea, and surfactant (cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride), and their electrochemical can be studied.By X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the preparation of 3 d graphene/NiCo2O4 characterization, found that 3 d graphene/NiCo2O4 were successfully synthesized. Constant current charge-discharge test results show that adding surface active agent under the condition of the preparation of 3 d graphene/NiCo2O4 composite material under the current density of 0.5 A/g, specific capacitance is 666.7 F/g. In addition, 3 d graphene/NiCo2O4 also has good stability.KEYWORDS supercapacitors,3D graphene/ NiCo2O4 ,graphene, suractant1.绪论1.1引言随着经济的快速发展和科学技术的不断进步，人们对能源的要求日趋增长，然而现有的不可再生能源是有限的，人类面临着能源枯竭的危机。同时，环境的日趋恶化也是人类要面临的一个严峻的问题。因此，探索和开发环境友好型的新能源及材料已经是刻不容缓了。现在为止，