生物化学(英文版)Biochemistry-chapter 3 AA and primary structure of proteinpart 2.ppt
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3.6 Peptide bonds link amino acids
in proteins
3.7 Protein Purification Techniques
多肽的双缩脲反应(Biuret reaction)是多肽特有的颜色反应;双缩脲是两分子的尿素经加热失去一分子NH3而得到的产物。
双缩脲能够与碱性硫酸铜作用,产生兰色的铜-双缩脲络合物,称为双缩脲反应。含有两个以上肽键的多肽(三肽以上),具有与双缩脲相似的结构特点,也能发生双缩脲反应,生成紫红色或蓝紫色络合物(540nm)。这是多肽定量测定的重要反应。
3.6 Peptide bonds link amino
acids in proteins
1. Discovery of peptide bond:
NH3
加热
+
紫红色
络合物
Peptide bond - linkage between amino acids is a amide bond
Formed by condensation of the a-carboxyl of one amino acid with the a-amino of another amino acid (loss of H2O molecule)
Primary structure - linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or protein
2. Polypeptide chain nomenclature
Amino acid “residues” compose peptide chains
Peptide chains are numbered from the N (amino) terminus to the C (carboxyl) terminus
Example: (N) Gly-Arg-Phe-Ala-Lys (C) (or GRFAK)
Formation of peptide bonds eliminates the ionizable a-carboxyl and a-amino groups of the free amino acids = side chains contribute mostly to the protein charge, solubility , and shape
pentapeptide (五肽)
Main chain and side chain
Peptide group(unit)
Oligopeptide (up to about 20AA)
Polypeptide (usually more than 20AA)
Most of the ionic charges in proteins are contributed by side chains of AAs
虽是单键却有双键性质
周边六个原子在同一平面上
前后两个a-carbon在对角(trans)
C--N 0.145 nm (正常)
C=N 0.133 nm
C=N 0.125 nm (正常)
酰胺平面 —— 由肽键周围的6个原子组成的刚性平面
部分双键
偶极(0.28)
肽平面(酰胺平面)
两个相邻酰胺平面绕Ca的旋转
四肽的结构
肽键的构型
稳定 不稳定
肽的来源: 蛋白质水解
激素:insulin, 胰高血糖素,催产
素,加压素,舒缓激肽
活性肽 抗生素:短杆菌肽S,多粘菌素E,
放线菌素D,抗菌肽
其 它:脑啡肽,α—鹅膏蕈碱,
GSH
活性肽中存在γ—肽键,β—AA和D—AA,以防止
蛋白酶的水解。
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L-Leu-D-Phe-L-Pro-L-Val
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