全面英语语法笔记.doc

课件 直接引语与间接引语 引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式：⑴直接引述别人地原话，把它放在引号内，这叫直接引语；⑵用自己的话转述别人的话，这叫间接引语，间接引语相当于一个宾语从句。 （一）主句为过去时态，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态要发生变化。 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时 一般过去时 过去完成时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 （二）人称在间接引语中的变化： 直接引语中的人称代词在转化为间接引语时，也要有相应地变化。一般遵循“一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。 原则 说明 一随主 直接引语中出现的第一人称代词要按照引述动词的主语的人称变化。 二随宾 直接引语中出现的第二人称代词要按照引述动词的宾语的人称变化，若引述动词后没有宾语，也可用第一人称。 第三人称不更新 直接引语中出现的第三人称代词一般不需要变化。 （三）指示代词，时间状语，地点状语，动词在间接引语中的变化。 直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 this that these those 时间 状语 today that day this morning/afternoon etc. that morning/afternoon etc. yesterday the day before/the previous day the day before yesterday two days ago tomorrow the next day/the following day the day after tomorrow two days after next week/month/year etc. the etc. the following etc. last week/month/yaer ect. the etc. before the previous etc. 时间 状语 two weeks/months etc. ago two weeks/months etc. before now Then 地点 状语 here there 动词 come go bring take （四）句子结构的变化： ①直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连接词that(也可以省略)，同时人称时态，时间状语，地点状语作相应变化。 [ I’ll telephone him this evening ] she said. 改后： she told me that she would telephone him that evening. Mr Black said [ I made the plan yesterday afternoon ]. 改后：Mr Black said that he had made the plan the previous afternoon. [ I am living here now. ] she said. 改后：She said that she was living there then. 若在当地转述， 若在当地转述，here不必改称为there，come不必改为go；若在当天转述，today，yesterday，tomorrow等也不必改变。 ②直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语是，用whether/if 引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序，同时人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语作相应变化。谓语said通常变为asked。 She asked Tom [ Are you going to Beijing next week? ] 改后：She asked Tom wether he was going to Beijing the next week. He asked us [ Can I stay here for another two days? ] 改后：He asked us if he could stay there for another two days. ③直接引语是特殊疑问句，变为间接引语时，用原来的疑问句引导，疑问语序变为陈述语序，同时人称，时态，时间状语，地点状语作相应变化。 Mary asked me [ Where are you going tomorrow? ] 改为：Mary asked me where I was going the next day. [ Who has broken my mirror? ] Yu Min asked. 改为：Yu Min asked who had broken her mirror. My mother asked me [ How long