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句法-常见习惯用语.doc

发布:2017-05-16约1.57万字共25页下载文档
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2011年中考英语专项指导练习——句法 三、 常见习惯用语 (一) 知识概要  由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处,所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写,或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看,可爱,外国人见到时会讲: You are so beautiful 这时的答语应该是 Thank you 如果外国人发现你的英语不错,他们会讲: Your English is very good 这时中国人常常会说:不,我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语,但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲,但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯,了解他们的文化背景,历史渊源,这样才能真正的学好一门外语。 (二) 正误辨析  [误] - What can I do for you? - Yes, please help me  [正] - What can I do for you? - Id like to buy a sweater  [析] What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多,要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为:您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为:我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。 [误] - Which colour do you like? - Sorry, I dont like  [正] - Which colour do you like? - I prefer blue  [析] 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it [误] Do you like to come with us tonight?  [正] Would you like to come with us tonight?  [析] Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种: Shall we go? 我们走吧! Lets go? 让我们走吧! How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何? What about a cup of coffee 喝杯咖啡如何? Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢? 其肯定答语一般为Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure [误] Sorry, Ive kept you waiting Not at all  [正] Sorry, Ive kept you waiting Never mind  [析] 介意不介意这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如: - Do you mind my smoking here?- _________  A. Yes, do it please B. No, of course not C. Yes, take it please D. No, you cant take it 这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为:不介意,当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了,它应译为:是的我介意,请抽吧。而D选项是:不介意,你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时,可以有以下问法: Do you mind if I open the door? Would you mind mailing the letter for me 其答语如果是同意应为: Certainly not, not at all 而不同意时应为 Yes, 或 Im sorry [误] Whats that man? He is Mike  [正] Whats that man? He is a teacher  [正] Whos that man? He is Mike (He is Mikes father)  [析] 由 what 提问是问的职业,由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。 [误] - How much are they? - Half a kilo, please  [正] - How many bananas do you want? - Half a kilo Please  [析] How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。 [误] Im sorry
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