《财务指标解析》.ppt

Financial performance interpretation 财务指标解析 2 财务状况分析 Financial position analysis 盈利能力分析 Profitability analysis 现金流分析 Cash flow analysis 财务报表 Financial statements 3 4 1 目录 Content 营运能力分析 Analysis of operating capacity 5 1. 财务报表Financial statements 财务报表概述 财务报表 (Financial statements) 资产负债表 (Balance sheet) 损益表 (Profit Loss) 现金流量表 (Cash flow statement) 资产 Assets 负债 Liabilities 所有者权益 Owner‘s Equity 财务状况 经营成果 现金流量 收入 Revenue 成本费用 Cost/Expense 利润 Net income 现金流入 Cash inflow 现金流出 Cash outflow 资产负债表 资产负债表表示企业在一定日期的财务状况（即资产、负债和股东权益的状况）的会计报表。 Statement of financial position(balance sheet) provided information about an entity’s assets, liabilities, and equity and their relationships to each other at a moment in time. 资产 Assets 负债 Liabilities 所有者权益 Shareholders Equity 资产=负债+所有者权益Assets = Liabilities + Equity 流动资产 Current Assets 流动负债 Current Liabilities 长期负债 Non-current Liabilities 所有者权益 Shareholder’s Equity 资产负债表结构 资产 债权人 股东 资金的占用 Occupation of Capital 资金的来源 Source of Capital 固定资产 Non-current Assets 损益表 损益表（利润表）是指反映企业在一定会计期间的经营成果，报表结果为公司实现的利润或亏损。 Profit Loss (income statement) provided the information about the revenue, expense, profit in a certain period, the result shows the net income or loss. 利润=收入-费用Income = revenue - Expense 现金流量表 现金流量表是反映企业在一定会计期间的现金及现金等价物的增减变动情况。 Cash flow statement is to provide information about cash receipts and payments of an entity during a period. 三大现金流活动 Source: Noncurrent Liabilities and equity 来源：长期负债和所有者权益 Source: Investment securities and noncurrent assets 来源：证券投资和非流动资产 Source: Income statement 来源：利润表 经营活动Operating activity 投资活动 Investing activity 筹资活动Financing activity 2. 财务状况分析Financial position analysis Net working capital: Net working capital reports the resources the company would have to continue operating in the short run if it had to liquidate all of its current liabilities at once.净运营资本，是指如果一个企业立即支付所有的流动负债后，所剩余的能够在短期内持续经营的资源。 Net working capital=Current Assets – Current Liabilities 净营运资本=流动资产 – 流动负债 严格意义上，应仅有经营性资产和