The Current Supply of Microfinance in China 中国小额信贷的供给状况.ppt

The Current Supply of Microfinance in China 中国小额信贷的供给状况 By Prof. Du Xiaoshan Rural Development Institute of CASS 中国社会科学院农村发展研究所 杜晓山 History of Microfinance Development小额信贷发展历史 The first phase is the experimental phase (the beginning of 1994 - October 1996)；NGO-MFP started the pilots for the poor. 第一，试点的初期阶段（1994年初~1996年10月）。非政府半政府组织试行扶贫小额信贷项目。 The second phase is the expansion phase (October 1996-2000)；Agriculture Bank started the subsidized MFP for the poor. 第二，项目的扩展阶段（1996年10月—2000年）。农行开展扶贫小额信贷项目。 The third phase began when formal rural financial institutions became involved in microfinance and the national government showed interest in the regulatory environment (2000-2005)； 第三，农村正规金融机构全面介入和各类项目可能进入制度化建设阶段（2000年—2005年）。作为正规金融机构的农村信用社，在央行—中国人民银行的推动下，全面试行并推广小额信贷活动。 History of Microfinance Development小额信贷发展历史 The forth phase started when central regulatory departments encouraged private and overseas funds to engage in experimental activities of commercial MFIs (2005-present). MCC, VB, Credit Coop, etc. 第四，中央监管部门鼓励民营和海外资本进入，试行商业性小额信贷机构活动（2005年至今）。小额贷款公司、村镇银行、农村资金互助社等。邮储银行成立并开展小额信贷项目。农行“返农”开展小额信贷项目。 Types of Microfinance Providers 供给类型 (1) NGO MFIs 非政府（NGO）公益性小额信贷组织 launched in 1993, over 100 MFIs are still operating。Group lending is the main methodology. loan funds are about 1 billion yuan. 始于1993年。目前尚有100多个。贷款的运作方式以小组信贷为主，贷款年利率3-18%不等，多采用小组联保方式运营。几乎无吸收存款、汇款等其他产品。 这类组织的贷款规模没有权威的统计，估算约有十多亿元。 The portfolio quality and sustainability of these MFIs vary. 它们的资产质量和可持续性好坏不等。 Three major challenges, which are legal status, source of funding and capacity building. 三大主要挑战：法律地位、资金来源、能力建设。 The funding comes from donations from multilateral and bilateral international aid institutions, international NGOs and the Chinese government. Other sources include private capital, wholesale loans from banks such as the CDB, soft loans from inter