高中英语指导册手第五部分名词性从句.doc

第五部分 名词性从句 一、知识点拨 （一）宾语从句（Object Clause） 问题一：与“说”相关的动词后面的宾语从句如何构成？ 同学们在初中阶段时就开始接触宾语从句了。当将一个直接引语转为间接引语时，就是在构造一个与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句了。在直接引语向间接引语转化的过程中，应就不同的句型类别进行不同的处理。而不同的句型类别都应根据转述者和转述时间对宾语从句中的人称、时态及状语作相应的调整。 1：陈述句：不需调整语序，只要对人称，时态或状语作一定的变化即可。通常，若主句中的动词为过去时，则从句中的时态也要相应后退一格。但如从句部分是客观真理，时态则无须变化。如： ① She said, I will visit Shanghai Museum tomorrow. -- She said (that) she would visit Shanghai Museum the next day. ②The physics teacher said, Water freezes at zero degrees Centigrade. -- The teacher said (that) water freezes at zero degrees Centigrade. 2：疑问句：可分为一般疑问句和特殊疑问句两类。 （1）一般疑问句：转为if或whether（是否）引导的宾语从句，且调整为陈述句语序，即丰谓宾的顺序。有时可用或whether…or not的结构。如： I asked whether (or not) they had got the news. （2）特殊疑问句：保留原有的疑问词，且调整为陈述句语序。但当疑问词即是句子中的主语，则无需变换语序。如： ① He asked, Where can I meet them? ----》 He asked where he could meet them. ② He asked, What is the matter? ---- He asked what was the matter. 3：祈使句：可不再转为宾语从句，而是用“命令性动词 + 人称代词（宾格）／名词 + 不定式”的结构来表达相近的意思。如： The librarian said, Dont make so much noise, please. ---- The librarian asked / told / requested the readers not to make so much noise. 4：感叹句：可保留感叹词，也可转化为“陈述句 + 修饰词”的结构。如： He said, What an excellent impression you have made on the customer! ---- He said what an excellent impression I had made on the customer. 或He said with admiration (that) I had made an excellent impression on the customer. 5：特殊结构：可根据句子的意思作灵活的变通。如： ① He said to me, Merry Christmas! ---- He wished me a merry Christmas. ② Lets light a fire and cook our meat over it, said the children. ---- The children suggested lighting a fire and cooking the meat over it. 问题二：其它动词后面的宾语从句如何构成？ 掌握了与“说”相关的动词后的宾语从句的构成，其它动词后的宾语从句也就不难理解了。 须注意两类动词： 1：表示说话者认知的动词：know, believe, think, explain, guess, hope, agree, understand, realize, suppose, expect等动词后既可以跟that引导的陈述分句作宾语，that常被省略；又可以跟疑问分句。如： ① They have explained (that) they need more time. ② I dont know who you met at the party. 值得注意的是： （1）有些表示猜想的动词后从句中的否定式通常前移至主句中。如： I dont think he is the right person for the job. （