托福基本阅读讲义.doc

托 福 基 础 阅 读 目录 一. 以介绍 介绍修饰成分. 三大从句介绍. 其他语法以及修饰成分介绍 分析 文段讲解 一. 基本句法概念介绍 1.1.1 名词 e.g. 1.1.2. 动名词 e.g. 1.1.3. 不定式 e.g. 1.1.4. 句子 e.g. 1.2谓语: 1.2.1. 及物动词 e.g. 1.2.2. 不及物动词 e.g. 1.2.3. 系动词 e.g. 1.2.4. 情态动词 e.g. 1.2.5. 助动词 e.g. 1.3宾语/表语: 1.3.1. 名词 e.g. 1.3.2 形容词 e.g. 1.3.3. 不定式 e.g. 1.3.4. 动名词 e.g. 1.3.5. 句子 e.g. 1.4定语: 1.4.1. 名词 e.g. 1.4.2. 形容词 e.g. 1.4.3. 介词 e.g. 1.4.4. 分词 e.g. 1.4.5. 不定式 e.g. 1.4.6. 句子 e.g. 1.5状语: 1.5.1. 副词 e.g. 1.5.2. 介词短语 e.g. 1.5.3. 分词 e.g. 1.5.4. 不定式 e.g. 1.5.5. 句子 e.g. 二. 五大基本句型 2.1.主语+谓语（不及物动词） The flower blooms. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Everyday I thought about postcards. 2.2 主语+谓语（及物动词）+宾语 We learn TOEFL. I did not enjoy theatre I could not hear the actors I could not bear the loud noise in the house. Postcards always spoil my holidays I visited museums and sat in public gardens. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. 2.3 主语+系动词+表语 We feel well/are promising students. I got very angry 常见的系动词：be动词， feel, look, sound, smell等表示“感觉”的动词；become, go, get等表示“变成”类的动词；remain, stay等表示“保持，存在”的动词 2.4 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 =主语+谓语+直接宾语+to(for, of, on)+间接宾语 He buys me a book. = He buys a book for me. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian Then he lent me a book My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send cards to my friends. 常见的动词：give, lend, send, show, offer, tell, sell, teach, write, bring, deliver(to), buy, make, get, choose, leave留下, order（for）, ask(of) 2.5 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 I find the book there. 当宾语补足语是宾语的“发出动作”者时，表示主动。 I found him laughing. 当宾语补足语是宾语的“接受动作”者时，表示被动。 I hear my name called. 常见的此类动词：see, hear, feel, keep, leave, catch, find, make, have, get 备注: 1. 只能接动名词作宾语的动词：admit，advise， advocate, risk，appreciate，envy，avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse, finish，forgive，understand，give up，imagine，keep，mind，miss，practice，put off，resist，suggest; can’t help，can’t stand，devote to，look forward to，stic