世界中世纪史近代史中英文译名.doc

A Albigenses阿尔比派 Albigenses, followers of the single most important heresy within the Christian church during the Middle Ages (5th century to 15th century). They were named after the town of Albi (Latin Albiga), in southern France, a major center of the movement. Aquitaine阿奎丹 Aquitaine (Latin Aquitania), traditional name for southwestern France, first used by Julius Caesar in the 1st century bc. Under the Romans, the province of Aquitania extended almost as far north as the Loire River. Novempopulana (Gascony), the portion south of the Gironde, was made a separate province in the late 3rd century. The remainder became a separate kingdom in the Frankish period. The title duke of Aquitaine was held by the counts of Poitiers from the 10th to the 12th century. The last duke was William X. When his daughter, Eleanor of Aquitaine, married the heir to the throne of England in 1152, the area became an English possession and remained so until the 15th century, when it was annexed by France at the end of the Hundred Years War. From the 13th century until the French Revolution, Aquitaine was usually known as Guyenne. The name Aquitaine was revived in the 1960s to designate the economic region comprising the French departments of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Landes, Gironde, Dordogne, and Lot-et-Garonne. Area, 41,309 sq km (15,949 sq mi). Population 3,123,000 (2007 estimate). Saint Thomas Aquinas托马斯阿奎那 Saint Thomas Aquinas,?sometimes?called?the Angelic Doctor and the Prince of Scholastics (1225-1274), Italian philosopher and theologian, whose works have made him the most important figure in Scholastic philosophy and one of the leading Roman Catholic theologians. Arius阿里乌斯 Arius (of Alexandria) (256-336), early Christian leader, founder of Arianism, a Christian heresy that denied the full divinity of Jesus Christ. Arius was educated in the theological school of Antioch (now Antakya, Turkey) under the distinguished Greek scholar Lucian. The school in Antioch, where Arius probably derive