语言学第二章.pptx

Chapter2;Outline;SpeechSounds;2.1IntroductiontoPhonetics;2.1.2BranchesofPhonetics;2.1.3TheImportanceofPhoneticStudy;2.2ProductionofSpeechSounds;Speech

Organs;;2.3TranscriptionofSpeechSounds;IPA:

ItistheabbreviationofInternationalPhoneticAlphabet,whichisdevisedbytheInternationalPhoneticAssociationin1988onthebasisofthephoneticalphabetproposedatthetime.Sincethenithasundergoneanumberofrevisions.IPAisacomprisedsystememployingsymbolsofallsources,suchasRomansmallletters,italics,obsoleteletters,Greekletters,diacritics,etc.Itsmainprincipleswerethatthereshouldbeaseparateletterforeachdistinctivesound,andthatthesamesymbolshouldbeusedforthatsoundinanylanguageinwhichitappears.;;2.3.2BroadandNarrowTranscription;;Consolidation;2.4ClassificationanddescriptionofEnglishSpeechSounds;2.4.2DescriptionofConsonants;Theplaceofarticulationreferstothepointwhereaconsonantismade.

Practicallyconsonantsmaybeproducedatanyplacebetweenthelipsandthevocalfolds.;Bilabial:lipsbroughttogethertocauseobstruction,[p][b][m][w]

Labiodental:thelowerlipisbroughtintocontactwiththeupperteeth,[f][v]

Dental:betweenthetonguetiporbladeandtheupperfrontteeth,[T][D]

Alveolar:thetipofthetongueisbroughtintocontactwiththeupperteeth-ridge,[t][d][s][z][n][l]

Retroflex:Thetonguetiporbladecurlsback/retroflexedsothattheundersideofthetonguetiporbladeformsastructurewiththebackofthealveolarridgeorthehardpalate,[r]

;Postalveolar:thetonguetipandthebackofthealveolarridge,[S][Z][tS][dZ]

Palatal:thefrontofthetongueandthehardpalate,[j]

Velar:backofthetonguebroughtintocontactwiththesoftpalate,[k][g][N]

Glottal:vocalcordsarebroughttogether,[h];Themannerofarticulationreferstowaysinwhicharticulationcanbeaccomplished:

thearticul