华南理工大学《宏观经济学》princ-ch24-presentation.ppt

第24章 生活费用的衡量 * 根据通货膨胀的影响校正经济变量指数化 比如, CPI的增加会自动调整： 许多长期劳动合同的工资 社会保障补助和联邦所得税等级的调整 当某一美元量根据法律或合同自动地按物价水平的变动校正时，这种美元量就称为通货膨胀的指数化 0 第24章 生活费用的衡量 * 根据通货膨胀的影响校正经济变量真实利率与名义利率 名义利率： 未根据通货膨胀的影响校正的利率 存款或债务的美元价值的增长率 真实利率: 根据通货膨胀的影响校正过的利率 存款或债务的实际购买力的增长率 真实利率 = 名义利率 – 通货膨胀率 0 第24章 生活费用的衡量 * 根据通货膨胀的影响校正经济变量真实利率与名义利率 例如： 存入一年期限的1000美元存款 名义利率为9% 该年的通货膨胀率是3.5% 真实利率 = 名义利率 – 通货膨胀率 = 9.0% – 3.5% = 5.5% 1000美元存款的购买力增加了5.5% 0 第24章 生活费用的衡量 * 美国的真实利率和名义利率1950-2007 0 内容提要 消费物价指数是生活费用的一种衡量指标，衡量普通消费者购买的一篮子物品与服务的费用 用CPI来进行生活费用调整和校正通货膨胀影响的经济变量 真实利率是经过通货膨胀校正的利率，等于名义利率减去通货膨胀率  第24章 生活费用的衡量 * 请记住下面的公式 第24章 生活费用的衡量 * 进阶思考* 第24章 生活费用的衡量 * 参考答案 * This chapter can probably be covered in 1-1.5 class sessions. It would be helpful if your students had calculators so they can compute a CPI example and an example of using the CPI to compare dollar figures from different years. * * Suggestion: Show students the data in the first three columns of the table. Before showing them the cost of basket calculations, tell them to take 3 minutes to compute the cost of the basket in each of the three years, and use those results to compute the value of the CPI in each of the three years. Then, show the rest of the slide. Or, you can just cruise through this example, but tell them to pay close attention because in a few moments they will have to compute a similar example. * Part A is not difficult but requires an intermediate step: students must compute the cost of the basket in 2005 to find the CPI in 2005. Part B has two intermediate steps: computing the cost of the basket in 2006, then computing the CPI in 2006. * * This slide replicates Figure 1 from the textbook. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, /cpi/ This graph shows just a few highly aggregated categories. A more detailed breakdown is available at the BLS website: look for “Relative Importance of Components in the Consumer Price Index” there. * Students understand substitution bias better if they w