2012年考研阅读文章T4精读——解析版.docx

2012年考研阅读文章精读——解析版Text 4①If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. ②When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. ③In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. ④In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.* trade unionist 工会主义者* represent代理，代表（个人或团体）* civil servant 公务员* in one’s prime全盛时期；最活跃时期；最成功时期?①There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. ②First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. ③Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. ④A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. ⑤Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. ⑥Some of their ties go back a long way. ⑦Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. ⑧Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.* There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. 公共部门工会的蓬勃发展有三个原因。there are several reasons for sth 某事有以下几个原因* as its name implies 正如其名所表示* owe … to…应把…归因（于）；应把…归功（于）?①At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. ②Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. ③The teachers’ unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.* patrol巡逻，巡查* a variety of 各样的?①In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. ②But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. ③Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.* benefits and work practices 福利和工作实践*