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高中英语语法之从句篇.doc

发布:2017-05-26约3.54万字共12页下载文档
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一.名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词,一个从句在整个句子中充当名词的作用,它可以作为主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。 名词性从句主要分为四种:主语从句,表语从句,宾语从句,同位语从句。 (一)宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中做及物动词的宾语,或用作介词和某些表示心理活动的形容词后作宾语,或是用it 作为形式宾语代表宾语从句。 例:1. I think that it will be of no use. 2. It depends on whether the boss will agree to you or not. 宾语从句的连接词: that,(常用且一般可省略)who, what, whether/if(是否)which, whoever, whatever ,when, where, how, why. Attention: ①★宾语从句的语序一定是正常的语序,即陈述句的语序,先主语后谓语。 ②★从句的时态需跟主句相配合。主句为一般现在时,从句可根据需要选择各种时态; 主句为一般过去时时,从句通常用过去的时态。 ③★介词后的宾语从句,引导词一般不用which,if,that,但可用what(常用, 常常是充当从句的主语,宾语或表语),how, whether等引导。 ④★that在所有的名词性从句中都不充当成分,在宾语从句中that可以省略。 (二)主语从句 1.主语从句的连接词: 1)从属连词(从句中不充当成分,只起连接作用):that,whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用,本身无意义,在主语从句中不充当任何成分,但不能省略。注意: 已确定的事由that引导;没决定的事由whether引导. That he will come is certain. Whether it will please them is not easy to say. 2)连接代词(在从句中充当主语,宾语,或表语)who ,what ,which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. Which side will win is not clear. Whoever comes is welcome. Whatever I have is yours. 3)连接副词 when(从句中作时间状语) where (从句中作地点状语) how (从句中作方式状语) why(从句中作原因状语) Why he did it remains a mystery. When they will start is not known yet. How he became a great scientist is known to us all. 2. 主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语. 如: 1). That we shall be late is certain. -- It’s certain that we shall be late. 2). That the earth is round is known to all. -- It’s known to all that the earth is round. 用it作形式主语的that从句有以下几种不同的搭配: 1.It + be + 形容词 + that从句 2.It + be + -ed分词 + that从句 3. 主语从句需注意的问题 1).“if” 通常不能引导主语从句,要用“whether”引导。 2).主语从句中用陈述句语序 3).主语从句的 “that” 一般不能省。That price will go up is certain. 4).主语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数 That they haven’t phoned is strange. 5).主语从句在句首时,必须由连接词引导,不能省略这些连接词;但是如果用it做形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,从属连词that可以省略。 6).如果主语从句放在句首,不能用if引导,但是如果用it 做形式主语,而把主语从句放在句末时,也可以用if引导. 误:If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正:It was doubtful if Mary really hear
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