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肿瘤的分子生物学检验 (2).ppt

发布:2025-03-04约7.55千字共53页下载文档
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*第三节肿瘤分子生物学检验的临床应用乳腺癌第31页,共53页,星期日,2025年,2月5日*一、乳腺癌女性发病率高,5%-10%为家族性。90%家族性乳腺癌涉及BRCA1和BRCA2基因突变。BRCA1突变可发生在所有细胞,若发生在精子或卵子则可以传给下一代。其他涉及基因:p53、PTEN、c-myc、端粒酶等。论文导读:Astrongcandidateforthebreastandovarian卵巢cancersusceptibilitygeneBRCA1/cgi/rapidpdf/266/5182/66.pdf第32页,共53页,星期日,2025年,2月5日*BRCA1BRCA1(breastcancer1,earlyonset早发)isahumantumorsuppressorgene肿瘤抑制基因,whichproducesaprotein,calledbreastcancertype1susceptibility易感性protein.Itisfoundinthecellsofbreastandothertissue,whereithelpsrepairdamagedDNA,anddestroythecellwhenDNAcan‘tberepaired.IfBRCA1itselfisdamaged,thedamagedDNAcanletthecellduplicate复制withoutcontrol,andturnintoacancer.第33页,共53页,星期日,2025年,2月5日*MutationsandcancerriskCertainvariationsoftheBRCA1geneleadtoanincreasedriskforbreastcancer.ResearchershaveidentifiedhundredsofmutationsintheBRCA1gene,manyofwhichareassociatedwithanincreasedriskofcancer.WomenwhohaveanabnormalBRCA1orBRCA2genehaveuptoan60%riskofdevelopingbreastcancer;increasedriskofdevelopingovariancancerisabout55%forwomenwithBRCA1mutationsandabout25%forwomenwithBRCA2mutations.第34页,共53页,星期日,2025年,2月5日*ThesemutationscanbechangesinoneorasmallnumberofDNAbasepairs.ThosemutationscanbeidentifiedwithPCRandDNAsequencing.Othermethodsareproposed:Q-PCR定量andQuantitativeMultiplexPCR多重定量ofShortsFluorescentsFragments(QMPSF).Newmethodshavebeenrecentlyproposed:heteroduplexanalysis异源双链分析(HDA)bymulti-capillaryelectrophoresis多毛细管电泳oralsooligonucleotidesarraybasedoncomparativegenomichybridization比较基因组杂交(array-CGH).第35页,共53页,星期日,2025年,2月5日*ResearchersbelievethatthedefectiveBRCA1proteinisunabletohelpfixmutationsthatoccurinothergenes.Thesedefectsaccumulateandmayallowcellstogrowanddivideuncontrollablytoformatumor.第36页,共53页,星期日,2025年,2月5日*女性排名第一的常见恶性肿瘤。

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