避障小车基于80C51单片机的智能小车设计.doc

摘 要 智能作为现代社会的新产物，是以后的发展方向，他可以按照预先设定的模式在一个特定的环境里自动的运作，无需人为管理，便可以完成预期所要达到的或是更高的目标。 智能小车是一种能够通过编程手段完成特定任务的小型化机器人，它具有制作成本低廉，电路结构简单，程序调试方便等优点。由于具有很强的趣味性，智能小车深受广大机器人爱好者以及高校学生的喜爱。 本系统以设计题目的要求为目的，采用80C51单片机为控制核心，利用超声波传感器检测道路上的障碍，控制电动小汽车的自动避障，快慢速行驶，以及自动停车，并可以自动记录时间、里程和速度。整个系统的电路结构简单，可靠性能高。实验测试结果基本满足要求，本文着重介绍了该系统的硬件设计方法及软件的编写。 关键词：智能小车；单片机；超声波检测；PWM调速 Abstract As a new product of modern society, intelligence is the trend in future development. It can work in some specific environment according to the mode which sets in advance. Dispensing with behavior adjustment management,but it can achieve the expected， even higher goal. Smart car is a means through programming specific tasks to complete the iniaturi -zation of the robot, it has produced low-cost, circuit structure is simple and conveni -ent debugging. Because of its highly interesting, intelligent robot car enthusiasts, as well as by the broad masses of college students love. This system regards the request of the topic, adopting 80C51 for controlling core, super sonic sensor for test the hinder. It can run in a high and a low speed or stop automatically. It also can record the time, distance and the speed automatically and the construction of whole system is simple, the function is dependable. Experiment test result basically satisfy the request, this text emphasizes introduced the hardware system designs and the write of program. Key words：smart car；single chip computer；ultrasound detector；PWM speed adjusting 目 录 1 引言………………………………………………………………………………(1) 1.1 课题背景……………………………………………………………….………(1) 1.2 课题的目的和意义……………………………………………………….……(1) 1.3 设计要求……………………………………………………………….………(1) 2 总体方案设计………………………………………………………….…..…….(3) 2.1整体方案的设计思想………………………………………………..…………(3) 2.2 总体设计框图……………………………………………………….…………(3) 2.3各模块分析选择……………………………………………………….….……(3) 2.3.1小车部分分析……………………………………………………..…………(3) 2.3.2 控制芯片的分析选择…………………………………………….…………(4) 2.3.3电机驱动模块的分析与选择…………………………………..……………(5) 2.3.4避障模块的分析与选择…………………………………….….……………(5) 2.3.5电源分析与选择……………………………………………