年产350万吨原油常压蒸馏工艺计算.doc

年产350万吨原油常压蒸馏工艺计算 摘要 石油也称原油或黑色金子，是一种粘稠的、深褐色（有时有点绿色的）液体。它由不同的碳氢化合物混合组成，其主要组成成分是烷烃，此外石油中还含硫、氧、氮、磷、钒等元素。石油主要被用来作为燃油和汽油，燃料油和汽油组成目前世界上最重要的一次能源之一。 蒸馏是液体混合物加热，其中轻组分汽化，将其导出进行冷凝，使其轻重组分得到分离。 蒸馏依据原理是混合物中各组分沸点(挥发度)的不同。 蒸馏有多种形式，可归纳为闪蒸(平衡汽化或一次汽化)，简单蒸馏(渐次汽化)和精馏三种。其中简单蒸馏 常用于实验室或小型装置上，它属于间歇式蒸馏过程，分离程度不高。 本设计是年产350万吨锦州原油常压蒸馏的工艺设计。并对常压原油的生产方法、生产原理、流程路线及主要设备等进行了论述说明和计算。本设计采用1次中段回流，计算塔径3.73米，塔板20层，开孔率29.33%，浮阀个数2680个，设计13次换热，热量利用率为82.15% 关键词： 换热 蒸馏 石油 工艺设计 Abstract Also known as crude oil or black gold, is a viscous, dark brown (sometimes a bit green) liquid. It consists of a mixture of different hydrocarbons, the main components are alkanes, in addition to the oil content also, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, vanadium and other elements. Oil was used mainly as fuel and gasoline, fuel oil and gasoline composition of the worlds most important energy sources. Distillation is a liquid mixture of heat, in which vaporization of light components, will be condensed to its export to the severity of separated components. Based on the principle of distillation is the boiling point of each component in the mixture (volatility) is different from mine. Distilled a variety of forms, can be summed up in flash (or a balance of vaporization vaporization), a simple distillation (vaporization gradually) and three distillation. Simple distillation of which are commonly used in laboratory or small-scale devices, which are batch distillation process, the degree of separation is not high. The design is an annual output of 3.5 million tons of crude oil atmospheric distillation jinzhou Process Design. Atmospheric crude oil and production methods, production principles, processes, such as routes and major equipment to carry out instructions and the calculation is discussed. The design uses 1 back to the middle of calculating the towers 3.73 meters diameter, plate 20, opening rate of 29.33 percent, the number of valve 2680, the design of heat exchanger13, heat utilization rate of 82.15% Key words：Heat exchanger