化工课程设计万吨每涠洲原油常压塔工艺计算.doc

摘 要 本设计为年产2万吨原油的常压设计。石油是现代工业的血液，我国的工业生产和经济运行都离不开石油，而石油又不能直接作为产品来使用，必须经过加工炼制过程，炼制成多种在质量上符合使用要求的石油产品，才能投入使用。原油常压蒸馏作为原油的一次加工工艺，在原油加工流程中起着重要作用，在炼油厂中起着不可替代的作用，其运行的好坏直接到后续加工和产品的质量。其中重要的分离设备就是常压塔德设计，是能否获得较高收率和高质量油品的关键。近几年来常压蒸馏技术和管理经验不断创新，新装置节能消耗显著，产品质量明显提高。但与国外先进水平相比，然存在较大的差距。为了更好地提高原油的生产能力，本着投资少，能量消耗低，高效率的思想来对辽河原油进行常压蒸馏设计。设计的基本方案：设计了一个常压一段汽化蒸馏装置，此装置由一台加热器、一个常压塔以及一些换热器、冷凝冷却器和泵组成的。原油通过这样的常压蒸馏，一般得到350-370 oC以前的几个馏分，可用作汽油、煤油和柴油等产品。蒸余的塔底重油可作为其他工业的燃料。 关键词：原油；常压蒸馏；换热；常压塔  Abstract the annual output of 2.7 million tons of Weizhou crude oil is processed in the atmospheric pressure. Oil is the modern industrial blood, Chinese industrial production and economic operation are inseparable from oil, Oil, it cannot be directly as a product to use, must be processed refining process, refined into various quality conforms to the requirements of the use of petroleum products, will put into use. Crude oil atmospheric distillation as a process, in crude processing flow plays an important role in refinery plays an irreplaceable role, their run of direct to the subsequent process and the quality of the products. One important separation equipment is atmospheric tower design is access to DE high yield and high quality oil of the key. In recent years, atmospheric distillation technology and management experience continuous innovation, new device energy-saving, product quality cost significantly improved significantly. But, compared with the international advanced level, it still exist the substantial gap. In order to enhance oil production capacity, in line with less investment, low energy consumption, high efficiency of the thoughts of loathes oil for atmospheric distillation design. The basic designing scheme: design for a period of vaporization of atmospheric distillation equipments, this device by a heater, an atmospheric tower and some heat exchanger, condensing cooler and pump up. Crude oil through such atmospheric distillation, usually get 350-37 ℃ of several former fraction