《贸易客源国概况》课件——4-3-2富饶的水域The Rich Waters.pptx

TheRichWatersLecture:GuoZhiwen

TheannualaverageprecipitationinCanadaisabout730mm,andtheannualprecipitationinBritishColumbiacoastalareaismorethan2500mm,mainlyinautumnandwinter;TheannualrainfallinNorthwestChinarangesfrom250to500mm,mainlyinsummer.

Canadaisextremelyrichinwaterresources,butitsspatialandtemporaldistributionisunevenanduncoordinatedwiththepopulationdistribution.60%ofthefreshwaterresourcesareinthenorth,while90%ofthepopulationliveinthenarrowstripwithin300kmfromthesouthernborder.

ThebeautifulSceneryofCanada

TheconstructionoffloodcontrolandwaterresourcesdevelopmentprojectsinCanadamainlyconcentratedinthe100yearsfromthefoundingoftheFederationin1867tothe1970s,especiallyinthe30yearsaftertheendoftheSecondWorldWar,whichguaranteedandpromotedtheeconomicandsocialdevelopment.

1.Floodcontrol.Afterseverallargefloodsin1940sand1950s,Canadabegantoplanandconstructfloodcontrolengineeringsystembasedonriverbasin.Themainmeasuresincluderiverregulation,constructionofspillway,constructionofembankmentandfloodwall,andconstructionofdamandreservoir.

2.Hydropowerdevelopment.In1963,Canadaissuedanewfederalwaterpolicytoencouragetheconstructionofhydropowerstations,whichpromotedthedevelopmentofhydropower.Upto2003,thereare804largedamsinoperationinCanada,withatotalstoragecapacityofabout650km.Hydropowergenerationaccountsfor60%ofChinastotalpowergeneration.

3.Irrigationandwatersupply.ThearablelandinCanadais33.5millionHm2,ofwhichonly842,000hm2isirrigated,andagriculturalirrigationwateraccountsfor8.8%ofthenationalwaterintake.InAlberta,whichhasthemostirrigatedfarmland,40%ofagriculturalproductionisproducedby4%oftheprovincesarableland,whichisirrigated.Canadasdrinkingwaterisadequateandofhighqual