(英语常用词缀类别.doc
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英语常用词缀类别有限,数目也不太多。但是有几个词缀发展得相当迅速,令人注目。
下面便是三个运用愈来愈广的前缀:
Ⅰde-
主要意思有三:㈠“除去”,如:dewax(去蜡);去泡沫);degum(去胶);deflea(除去跳蚤)。㈡“非……化”,如:denuclearise(非核武器化); decontaminate(非污染化);denationalise(非国有化); derecognition(撤销承认)。㈢“降低、向下”,如:de-emphasize(不强调); de-escalation(行动降级);devaluation(贬值); deindustrialisation(工业化降温)。
Ⅱmini-
这个前缀的意思是“小型”、“微型”,如:
mini-rocket(小型火箭);mini-budget(小预算案); mini-report(小型报告);mini-parade(小型检阅);mini-break (小假期);mini-skirt(小裙)。
Ⅲsuper-
“Super-”这前缀的意思是“超级、在上”,如:
Superman(超人);super-star(超级明星);superpower(超级强国);supermarket(超级市场);superhighway(超级公路);super-ultra(最尖端的);super-saturated(过度饱和的); superabundant(极其丰富的)。
除了前缀之外,几个后缀也渐渐普及起来,特别是在商业广告以及政界、教育界等方面的新闻里。
①副词性后缀 -wise,意思是“在……方面”、“就……而论” ,如:budgetwise(在预算案方面);moneywise(在金钱方面); savingswise(就积存资金方面而言);educationwise(就教育而论);manpowerwise(就人力而论);theorywise(就理论来说); careerwise(就事业来说);newswise(在新闻方面); publicitywise(在宣传方面);curriculumwise(在课程方面)。
②名词性后缀 -ee,意思是动作承受者,常和动作施行者“-er ”相对应。例如:trainer:trainee;interviewer:interviewee; employer:employee;examiner:examinee.此外,没有对应的“-ee”派生词也渐渐出现了,如:retiree(退修人士);absentee(缺席者、旷课者);escapee (躲避者);refugee(避难者);devotee(崇拜者)。
But the teacher cried
The six-year-old John was terribly spoiled . His father knew it, but his grandma doted on him. He hardly left her side. And when he wanted anything, he either cried or threw a temper tantrum. Then came his first day of school, his first day away from his grandmothers loving arms.
When he came home from school his grandma met him at the door.
Was school all right? she asked, Did you get along all right? did you cry?
Cry? John asked. No, I didnt cry, but the teacher did!
可是老师哭了
六岁的约翰娇生惯养。他的父亲知道这一点,可他的祖父母仍然宠着他。这孩子几乎寸步不离他的祖母。他想要什么不是哭,就是闹。他第一天上学才离开祖母的怀抱。
约翰放学了,他奶奶在门口接他并问道:“学校怎么样?你过的好吗?哭了没有?”
“哭?”约翰问,“不,我没哭,可老师哭了。”
I Wasnt Asleep
When a group of women got on the car, every seat was already occupied. The conductor noticed a man who seemed to be asleep,? and fearing he might miss his stop, he nudged him and said: Wake up, sir!
I wasn
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