语法专项一虚拟语气.ppt

??语法专项：虚拟语气

与现在相反if条件句实义动词→过去式be→were主句would/should/could/might+动词原形与过去相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might+havedone与将来相反wereto+动词原形should+动词原形would/should/could/might+动词原形Jeandoesn’twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe___ajob,sheprobablywouldn’tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.(96.1)A.hastoget B.weretogetC.hadgot D.couldhavegotBIfIhadn’tstoodundertheladdertocatchyouwhenyoufell,you___now.(99.1)wouldn’tbesmilingcouldn’thavesmiledwon’tsmile didn’tsmileA【语法要点】错综时间的虚拟句eg.Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnothavebeeninsuchtroublenow.Ifthecriminalwerehonest,he’dhavemadeacleanbreastofthewholethinglongago.如果条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作发生的时间不一致，那么要根据不同的时间来调整动词的形式。如果他过去听了我的话，现在他就不会陷入这样的麻烦。1234501020304【语法要点】省略if的虚拟句-WereIyou,Iwouldn’tdolikethat.在If引导非真实条件从句中谓语动词部分含有were,had,should，可省略if,这时需将助动词were,had,should,提到句首，变成倒装结构。作谓语动词时，也可以提到句首而省略if。如：-Haduaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldu.05-Shoulditbenecessary,Iwouldgo.2.Ifthewholeoperation___beforehand,agreatdealoftimeandmoneywouldhavebeenlost.(99.6)A.wasnotplanned B.hasnotbeenplannedC.hadnotbeenplannedD.werenotplanned3.___formyillness,Iwouldhavelenthimahelpinghand.(95.1)A.Notbeing B.HaditnotbeenC.Withoutbeing D.NothavingbeenCB___beforewedepartthedayaftertomorrow,weshouldhaveawonderfuldinnerparty.(97.1)A.HadtheyarrivedB.WouldtheyarriveC.WeretheyarrivingD.WeretheytoarriveDButforhishelp,Iwould/shouldfail.04Fiveminutesearlier,andyouwouldhaveseenhim.(如果早来五分钟，你就能见到他了。)05【语法要点】不使用if的含蓄虚拟句01Withoutyourhelp,wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkearlier.(如果没有你帮忙，我们不可能早点儿把这活干完。)03此类句子的特点是虽然不使用if，但有相当于if的短语，最常用的形式包括由butfor,without构成的介词短语或otherwise,or,orelse,and单独使用。如：02Anothereffort,andyouwill/