漢語語言學 (題目卷)-.doc

科目：漢語語言學 (題目卷) 適用系所：華語文教學研究所 博士班資格考 注意：1.本試題共頁，請依序作答，並標明題號，不必抄題。2.答案必須寫在，否則不予計分。 壹、定義題（） . aspiration 2. truth condition 3. sonority hierarchy 4. perlocutionary act 5. verb-particle 6. comitative 7. discourse marker 8. iconicity 貳、申論題（）1. Discuss important phonological rules in modern standard Mandarin, at both the segmental and suprasegmental level. In the construction of the phonological system of this language, should lexical, morphological, syntactic, or pragmatic?information?be taken into account? Give relevant theories and examples to justify your points of view. (20%) 2. Describe the four conversational maxims postulated by Grice. Give Chinese examples of conversational implicature generated by flouting each of the maxims. For one of?your examples, work out the exact steps of inference by means of which the implicature is derived. What problems do you see for Grices four maxims and his way of explaining?conversational implicature? How can such problems be redressed by?relevant theories? (20%) 3. The combination of tense（時態）and modality（情態）can establish a relevant connection between a proposition（命題）and a given context of situation, thus making the proposition a real, demonstrable existence and a concept that can be discussed. From the perspective of language typology, describe the similarities and differences between English and Chinese in terms of tense and modality by using illustrative examples and citing relevant theories. (20%) 4. Data Analysis. Answer either (A) or (B) below. (20%) A. In terms of the interaction between syntactic structure and semantics, explain why sentences (1)-(3) have two readings while sentence (4) only has one. (1) 他樂死了。 2) 他煩死了。 3) 他氣死了。 4) 他病死了。 OR B. In English, incongruous or contradictory terms are combined to produce rhetorical effect, as in cruel kindness, deafening silence, make haste slowly, or degenerate gracefully. In Chinese, some seemingly self-contradictory (but well-formed) expressions, such as 救火、養病、恢復疲勞, are al